时代精神

Department of Cultural Studies, Zhejiang Administrative College, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaAbstract: Faust is a genius creation in which Goethe combined artistic, philosophical and religious thinking together to comprehend the fate of human beings and he found out the fates of human beings were both fatalist and causality, both independent and dependent, both positive and passive.

德国启蒙时代的思想巨匠歌德以其伟大而丰富的文学创作，对西欧启蒙运动的发生、发展和终结在德国民族形式中加以艺术概括，形成了贯穿其一生的著名诗剧《浮士德》；该剧以百科全书式的多样性，向世人展现了它所张扬的自强不息精神和生命应在追求、超越中获得升华的理念；同时，它以巨大的勇气和深邃的洞察揭示了人类存在的困境和人性发展的悖论，体现了人类理性的一种普遍的"悲剧性"宿命。

The author suggests new fatherly masculinity, new motherly feminity, and new social identity of daughter as confluence.

作者提出了对父亲的批判继承，对母亲的重新发现与认识，对女儿身份的重新商榷，这些前瞻性的构想具有超越时代的精神。

He lived, in fact, in an age when great personal and mental powers had scarcely any other field for their exercise than this.

实际上，亚历山大生活在一个除了征服与战争之外，几乎没有其他领域可以施展伟大的个人与精神能力的时代。

The rest of the story describes how they vanquish demons and monsters, tramp over the Fiery Mountain, cross the Milky Way, and after overcoming many dangers, finally arrive at their destination - the Thunder Monastery in the Western Heaven - and find the Sutra.

不管这代人身处怎样的处境，他们似乎都拥有共同的心理特色，这一代人个性鲜明突出，思想、行为、规范，似乎更多地残留着毛泽东时代的报国痕迹，为他主义的共产主义精神，左右着他们为人处事的动机和想法，常常违背着商品流通的一般规则，在市场经济的实践中，闪烁着人性光辉色彩。

Copernicus is an innovative, although living in the "geocentric" era, but he proposed the "heliocentric" theory.

哥白尼是个具有创新精神的人，虽然生活在"地心说"的时代，但他提出了"日心说"的理论。

Therefore, a discussion on this point is presented in the following paper, which including some aspects such as factors of system, mental, psychology and industry. If some of the research in this paper would do help to the cultural security protecting work of developing countries in the "cultural games" of globalization times, the author will be great gratulatory.

我们要在正确认识文化博弈的基础上，从制度、精神心理和产业三个层面建构中国的文化安全体系，从而为发展中国家在全球化时代的文化博弈中维护国家文化安全提供一点借鉴。

No such person will ever feel that others have a right to control him in his concerns, such as they have to prevent him from injuring them in theirs; and it easily comes to be considered a mark of spirit and courage to fly in the face of such usurped authority, and do with ostentation the exact opposite of what it enjoins; as in the fashion of grossness which succeeded, in the time of Charles II, to the fanatical moral intolerance of the Puritans.

这样的人永远不会感到他人有权利在他个人自己的事情上来控制他，象他们有权利阻挡他在他们个人自己的事情上来损害他们那样；而且这样的人还很容易认为这是有精神有勇气的表示，故意翱翔在这种篡得的权威面前，以矜示的姿态偏偏做出和它的命令恰正相反的事怀，象在却尔斯二世时代继清教徒在道德方面不宽容的热狂而起的那种粗野风气就是如此。

The author whose books chronicled the horrors of the Soviet gulag system was lauded as a moral and spiritual leader as well as one of the greatest writers of his time.

这位撰文揭露苏联古拉格系统残忍行径的作家被誉为道德和精神方面的典范，是他所在时代最伟大的作家之一。

It was a pretty heady time!

那是一个很有革命精神的时代！

A main reason why so many in the West have taken part in the protests against China is ideological: Tibetan Buddhism, deftly spun by the Dalai Lama, is a major point of reference of the New Age hedonist spirituality that is becoming the predominant form of ideology today.

为什么有这么多的西方国家参加到抗议中国的行动中来，有一个主要原因就是意识形态：由达赖喇嘛鼓吹的西藏佛教已经成了新时代享乐主义者的精神依托，在当今的意识形态中占了主要地位。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。