时代精神

ECT is a very effective treatment for major psychosis with high incidence such as endogenous depression , catatonia in schizophrenia and so on. Until recently it still has a place in psychiatrical disorders even when effective antipsychotic chemicals are applied today.

ECT对某些发病率很高的精神疾病如内源性抑郁症、精神分裂症紧张型等，常可收到立竿见影的效果，60多年来拯救了无数的精神病人，即便在化学方法治疗精神疾病时代的今天，ECT仍然是精神科重要而有效的治疗手段。

Hong Hao's own peculiar experience that is sensitive and sharp, should be put into attention, as well as his reflectiveness and critical spirit. He has not only recorded the spiritual and sensational history, but also demonstrated the cultural characteristics of this epoch with a new point of view and way.

艺术家的敏感、锐利和积淀的独特而奇异的经验，他的反思和批判精神是值得关注的，他不仅为时代记录了精神的和情感的历史，更在于用一种新的视觉观念和方式表现了时代的文化特征。

Nowadays, it is essential for us to reconstruct the standpoint of intellectuals, to emphasize the importance of humanitarianism in understratum narration. Thus we can observe common people of the understratum with a horizontal angle of view, and reveal the spirit of the understratum to the inner sides of human nature and individual value in many aspects, reflecting the reality, ideas, and spirit of the understratum and the contemporaries as well. The aim is to safeguard the spiritual belief of the understratum, and to make humanitarianism the spiritual sustentation of the understratum narration.

所以在今天，我们有必要重建知识分子立场，重提人道主义关怀在底层叙述中的重要性，以一种平视的视角来观照当代中国底层民众的生存境况，以人本主义的关怀和同情，全方位展示底层民众的精神面貌，进而上升到人性、个体价值等层面，折射出底层以及这个时代的人们的生活现实、思想状态和精神实质，最终达到对底层精神信仰的呵护，让人道主义真正成为底层叙述的精神支撑。

During the past one hundred years, the spirit of nationalism developed it"s connotation .It includes "XinHai" spirit (overthrowing feudal dynasty and developing our country vigorously );"Five-Four" spirit (striving for progress, democracy and science);"JingGang" spirit (burning an extensive prospect from a small spark of hope);"ChangZheng" spirit(strengthening the brief of victory and going forward without any fear );"Ant-Japan war" spirit (Uniting together to defend foreign aggression and fighting for the nation);"YanAn" spirit(seeking truth and overcoming difficulties by ourselves);"Initialing undertaking" spirit (struggling arduously and constructing our country assiduously and thriftily);"Reforming spirit (abolishing out-dated regulations and advocating new systems).

在近百年的历程中，中华民族精神又表现出丰富的时代内容，它们是：推翻帝制，振兴中华的辛亥精神；爱国进步，民主科学的五四精神；星星之火，可以燎原的井冈精神；坚定信念，一往无前的长征精神；团结御侮，浴血救国的抗战精神；求真务实，自力更生的延安精神；艰苦奋斗，勤俭建国的创业精神；革故鼎新，开拓进取的改革精神等等。

Second, there are four Chapters of this paper: Chapter I Russian History and the fate of intellectual in the 20thcentury, which unscrambles the very historical context reflected by Doctor Zhivago. It refers to the changes of Russian history and politics, the fate of Russian intellectual, the living condition of Pasternak in the torrent times. Chapter II The choice of fate by Russian intellectuals, specificly analyses different choices by different intellectuals, in order to prominent truly noble character of Russianintellectuals; ChapterⅢThe spiritual confusion of Russian intellectuals, analyses the basic formation of their spiritual confusion in the 20th century context of Russian History. It refers to the disjunction between reality and ideal, the tragedy of Hamlet-like character, and Zhivago-like spiritual orphan of Jew. Chapter IV The spiritual remolding of the Russian intellectuals, which profoundly analyzes the relationship among Tolstoyism, Christian faith and belief of the humanitarianism on the blue print of Doctor Zhivago's spiritual experiences, therefore, reflects the tropism of humanitarian value of Russia in the 20th century.

其次，正文部分共分四章：第一章&20世纪俄罗斯历史与知识分子的命运&，主要是从20世纪俄罗斯历史与政治变革、20世纪俄罗斯知识分子的命运、处在时代漩涡中的帕斯捷尔纳克的生存境遇等方面，来(来源：6a6aAB5eC论文网www.abclunwen.com)解读《日瓦戈医生》所反映的特定历史语境；第二章&俄罗斯知识分子的命运选择&，通过具体分析在特定的历史语境中，俄罗斯不同类型的知识分子对于命运的不同选择，以突出真正的俄罗斯知识分子高贵的人格品质；第三章&俄罗斯知识分子的精神困惑&，从理想与现实的脱节、&哈姆雷特式&的性格悲剧、日瓦戈式的&犹太精神孤儿&等方面，具体分析了20世纪俄罗斯历史语境中知识分子精神迷茫的基本形态；第四章&俄罗斯知识分子的精神重塑&，以日瓦戈医生的精神历练为蓝本，对20世纪俄罗斯知识分子的精神重塑与托尔斯泰主义、基督教信仰以及对人道主义的崇信的内在关系做了深刻解剖，从而折射出20世纪俄罗斯社会的人文价值取向。

It is endued to universities to bring up high quality talents and professionals with innovation spirit and ability in the economical times,and becomes the key condition of existence and development of the universities.

知识经济时代，是一个全新的时代，是一个充满挑战和竞争的时代，而培养具有创新精神和创新能力的高素质人才是这个时代赋予高校的重任，也是高校能否生存和发展的关键。

The first is to the West Willow community Sihuan Xishan board along the fast, is very strong academic atmosphere of the region, both the transmission to the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan represented rhyme at the end of the millennium culture, but also compatible with the Beijing University, Qinghua humanistic spirit of the times ; Yizhuang The second is that the new industrial base, forming a kind of leisure real estate development mode, both the industrial layout, economic development, living environment, space, etc. all have the typical atmosphere of the post-industrial era residential cultural identity, a unique regional cultural competitiveness, also contributed to the Yizhuang real estate in recent years has remained very active, the vitality of this culture will continue; third CBD based commercial real estate for the center, forming a very modern color international business culture; article Four Olympic plate, surrounding the new concept of real estate are the Olympic Games, closely focusing on sports, culture and contemporary spirit of sport psychology to build a living space.

首先是西方柳树社会西山局四环沿线的速度快，是非常强大的学术氛围的区域，无论是传输到颐和园，圆明园代表韵结束时的千年文化，而且也符合北京工业大学，清华大学人文精神的时代；亦庄第二个问题是，新的工业基地，形成了一种休闲房地产的发展模式，无论是产业布局，经济发展，生活环境，空间等都有典型的气氛后工业时代住宅文化认同，一个独特的区域文化竞争力，也有助于亦庄房地产在最近几年一直是非常积极的，富有活力的这种文化将继续；第三次生物多样性公约的商业房地产为中心，形成了非常现代色彩的国际商业文化；第四条奥林匹克板，周围的新概念房地产是奥运会，紧紧围绕体育，文化和当代精神的运动心理学建立一个生活空间。

The question is era displays the most realistic voice of one′s own state of mind.The social scientific worker must strengthen the question cons ciousness and be good at catching the question.Utilizing the tyes of era,eyes of variety and eyes of practically to watch questions is the basic training of the social s cientific worker.Making innovations in theory is also the request of era and the sacred mission.

问题是&时代表现自己的精神状态的最实际的呼声&，社会科学工作者要增强&问题意识&，善于捕捉问题；运用时代的眼光即普遍性的眼光、多样性的眼光、实践性的眼光观察问题，是社会科学工作者的基本功；理论创新是时代的要求，也是社会科学工作者的神圣使命。

The spirit of Chinese philosophy finds expression in three aspects, that is, the Chinese philosophers' spirit of mission, openmindedness and transcendence, which embody their ideological and value orientation.

中国哲学精神作为中国哲学家在思考&时代问题&的过程中所体现出来的思维定向、致思趋向和价值取向，集中体现为中国哲学家的使命精神、致和精神和超越精神。

In this paper, it's analysed that the Gatsby's dream is connected closely with the personifications of the traditional American dream at different historical stages-- Franklin's spirit and the Frontier's vision, and pointed out that Gatsby, the hero in the Fitzgerald's finest novel--The Great Gatsby-- is not only the typical hero of the Jazz Age, but also is the personifi...

本文通过分析&爵士乐时代&的代表人物盖茨比的梦想同美国梦在不同时期的代表人物和表现形式——富兰克林精神和西部拓荒精神——的密切关系，论证了盖茨比的梦想实为&爵士乐时代&美国梦的化身

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。