旱

These two drought characteristics are considered for regional drought frequency analysis in this study. The L-moment based discordancy, heterogeneity, and goodness-of-fit measures are used to detect the unusual sites and select the regional probability distributions of droughts.

其次利用以线性动差为基础的不一致、异质性及适合度(goodness-of-fit)估量评估同一区域之乾旱资料是否一致及均匀，并选取一合适的区域乾旱量及乾旱延时机率分布函数。

Vegetation ecotype tend to be xerophyte and even hyper-xerophyte and finally replaced by annual plant. Community structure and species diversity also decrease as the ecological environment worsen, In this process, the height, coverage and biomass decreases by 56.6%、 80.8% and 74.2% respectively compared to steppe, and the indices of species richness, diversity and evenness decrease by 76.4%、 56.7% and 32.0%, but β diversity indices increase by 14.6 times, especially the decease of species gregariousness and the breadth and overlay of species Niche shows that grassland tend to be more sandy and vegetation retrogression succession take place.

其中，植被生态型逐渐由中旱生向旱生、超旱生过渡，并最终被一年生植被替代；群落结构及多样性呈明显递减规律，到严重沙化阶段，草群高度、盖度、生物量与典型草原相比，下降幅度分别达到56.6%、80.8%和74.2%；物种丰富度、多样性及均匀性分别降低76.4%、56.7%和32.0%；而群落β多样性增长14.6倍，特别是多年生物种群聚度降低和生态位宽度、生态位重叠值的下降，表明草地沙化，植被发生逆行演替。

The process of terrestrialization of Hanlongwan lake mainly come through some phases as follows:(1)the phases of the lake's formation (3,300-2,250a BP);(2)the phases of lake's development (2,250-2,100a BP);(3)the beginning of terrestrial of Hanlongwan

旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化过程大致经历了以下阶段：(1)旱龙湾火口湖湖泊形成阶段(3，300-2，250 aBP)；(2)旱龙湾湖泊发育阶段(2，250-2，100 aBP)；(3)旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化伊始(2，100-1，500 aBP)；(4)旱龙湾沼泽化扩大发育阶段(1，500-750 aBP)；(5)富营养泥炭沼泽阶段(750-24 aBP)；(6)富、中营养泥炭沼泽阶段(24 aBP-今)。

The result indicated that suitable thickness of paddy soil is about 15cm,and for dry arable land it should not be lower than 20cm;The alluvial rivers parent material is the best one to influent the output,the rice fields is the worst with the parent material of slate ground,while the dry and plough land is the worst for its purple sand shale parent material;The paddy rice is best with the acid soil,and the dry crop is the best with the neutral soil;The obstacles horizon exist in 35.2%of the rice fields in research region,and many for middle or top digit obstacles.

结果表明，水稻土的适宜耕层厚度为15 cm左右，旱耕地适宜耕层厚度应不低于20cm；成土母质对产量的影响以河湖沉积物母质最好，稻田以板页岩母质最差，旱耕地以紫色砂页岩母质最差；水稻以酸性土最好，旱作以中性土最好；研究区稻田有35.2%的存在障碍层，且多为中、高位障碍，是影响水稻产量整体提高的主要因素；水稻和旱作都以壤土为最好，其中，稻作怕砂，旱作怕粘；水稻土适宜的容重为1.00—1.29 g/cm~3。

The system includes model, index system, appraisable method and appraisable procedure.2. Applying the system of multi-effect appraisement of DWSA, the paper appraised the recent decade multi-effect of DWSA in Shouyang county, Shanxi province. Appraisement result showed that the multi-effect of DWSA in Shouyang presents the climbing trend. The economic and social effects of DWSA show the obvious climbing trend.

论文主要成果包括：(1)初步构建了旱作节水农业综合效益的评估理论与方法论文根据旱作节水农业的特点，界定了旱作节水农业的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益及其综合效益，在此基础上，构建了北方旱区旱作节水农业综合效益评价体系，包括：评价的理论模型，指标体系、评价方法和评价程序。

Orientale additional and substitutional lines. chromosome number of 96 BC2 F3 individuals were accounted. Fifteen plants with 2n= 43 and eight plants with 2n= 44 were checked out. GISH results of the individuals with 43 chromosomes showed that they blonged to three different monosomic additions. Two disomic additions, ine double-monosomic addition, one trible- monosomic addition and one monosomic addition were found in the 2n = 44 individuals. One double-monosomic substitution and one monosomic sustitution were obtained.

为了筛选小麦-旱麦草异附加系、异代换系，对普通小麦品种Fukuho×东方旱麦草属间杂种的BC2F3代材料的96粒种子进行了染色体数目的检测，共检出15粒2n=43的种子，8粒2n=44的种子，进一步对以上材料进行的基因组DNA原位杂交，共鉴定出3个单体附加系，2个二体附加系，1个双单体附加，1个小麦三体单体附加，1个附加3条东方旱麦草染色体的小麦单体，在染色体数为42的个体中，检测出1个单体代换，1个双单体代换。

Against the background of drying farming culture which is characterized by field burning cultivation, Tuboi Hirofumi reflected on "taro New Year" and "the causes of Japanese choosing rice" from the perspective of folklore, reasoned out the existence of farming system, and established the pluralism theory of "rice cake New Year" vs.

在日本学术界对以火田耕种为代表的旱作农耕文化关注的大背景下，坪井洋文从民俗学的学科角度出发，通过对&芋头正月&、&日本人为何选择了稻米&的思考，推论了旱作农耕文化体系的存在，从同等价值的多元论体系确立了&年糕正月&对&芋头正月&、稻作农耕民文化对旱作农耕民文化的民俗文化多元论学说。

The results showed that the varieties Longjing2 and Longjing3 were adaptable to dry direct seeding, and their yields could reach 5 872 kg/hm~2 and 5 783 kg/hm~2 respectively, which could be used as draught- and water conservation seeds planted in spring in northest.

对引进的水稻品种进行旱直播种植，筛选结果表明，龙粳2号和龙粳3号适宜旱直播种植，产量可达5 872和5 783 kg/hm2，可作为东北稻区春季抗旱节水栽培的旱直播水稻用种。

This research makes a general survey of the domestic and international drought and economizes on water and analyses development and utilization and problems of water resource in Shaanxi.

本研究纵观国内外旱作节水的发展趋势，分析陕西水资源的开发利用现状和存在问题，在总结多年来旱作农业技术效果的基础上，结合我省区域特点，将传统旱作技术和现代农业节水技术集成、优化、组装、配套，以小麦玉米为参试作物，进行优化筛选，探索具有陕西特点的旱作节水技术模式，并对陕西旱作节水农业的发展提出若干建议。

In wetter habitats, hygromeso-and hygrophytes were more abundant and accounted for the majority of aboveground biomass, whereas xero-and mesoxerophytes became more important in dryer habitats; the mean δ〓C values of xerophytes was the highest, and those of meso-, hygromeso-and hygrophytes the lowest; From xerophytes to hygrophytes, their proline content markedly increased.

3依照植物的水分生态类群，将锡林河流域主要植物种划分为六个植物功能群：旱生植物、中旱生植物、旱中生植物、中生植物、湿中生植物和湿生植物。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。