日本化

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The strategies that Japan have adopted to advance toward a "Ordinary Power," such as US-Japan alliance, the perseverance of sovereignty, and the historical glory , are all precisely underlined by the core value of "the British Model." However, Japan does not necessarily push ahead the genuine peace, nor does she establish a positive role in East Asian security or achieve a meaningful success. Rather, she provokes much tension and misunderstanding among neighborhood, leading to its final insulation. This even affects the stability of the whole security structure in East Asia due to a rising China that has already generated a huge impact to the rapidly developed economy in the Great China area, and it is also a variable to the integration of East Asia.

日本在迈向「正常国家」化所采取的策略，如坚持与美国同盟、坚持主权、光荣历史等，正是循「英国模式」为核心的正常化，但日本并未因此真正促进国际和平、建立东亚的稳定秩序或成就政治大国的地位，反而引起邻近国家的紧张和误解，使日本陷入「孤立」的困境，甚至因此影响到东亚稳定的整体构架，因为崛起的中国已产生巨大的磁吸效应，为东亚的区域整合投下变数，日本在亚洲的领导优势也被受压力。

JAPAN JAPAN JAPAN the small things in life is what makes it some people say if that is true then these things make tokyo rock here is a version of a new kitkat FRUIT PARFAIT i haven't tried it yet i am saving it someone ahem.......

日本日本日本有人说，生活中最微小的事情组成了生活。如果这句话是正确的，那么这些事情组成了东京。这是新上市的奇巧水果威化，我还没吃，要留下给别人……看上去很好吃的样子。

Digest:the crux of the new japan-u.s cooperative defence guidelines and its correlation bills is to set up legal foundation of making japan returns into a military and political big power;their bases are japan's economic strength,its extremely conceited nationl mind,and the u.s s policy to the far east;their dangerous trends will be japan s remilitarization,relaunching wars,and resuffering defeats.

《日美防卫合作新指针》及其相关法案的实质是日本为重新走向军事大国、政治大国创立法律依据；其基础是日本的经济势力、军国主义的崛起、唯我独尊的国民心理、美国的远东政策；其危险趋势是日本再次军国主义化、日本再战、日本再败。关键词：《日美防卫合作新指针》；日本；军国主义；战争；失败

Especially after the collapse of"1955 system"in 1993,Japanese political power and various political forces turn to right obviously inthe process of division and combination,the political situation therefore becomeconservatization and right deviation,"neo-conservatism"upraise very quickly in Japan,those"hawkish"politicians as Ichiro Ozawa,Ryutaro Hashimoto,Shintaro Ishihara goup to the political platform.

尤其是在1993年"1955年体制"解体后，日本政权和各派政治势力在分化与重组中明显右转，政局日趋保守化和右倾化，"新保守主义"在日本迅速兴起，小泽一郎、桥本龙太郎、石原慎太郎等一批"鹰派"的政治人物纷纷走上前台。

However, Japanese designers are more prefer to symmetric distribution rather than the dissymmetric pattern of the European constructivism, as the core symmetry is one of the components of the Japanese traditional designing. Consequently, they modulated the European constructivism by adding some of the simplified symbolic patterns, which are parts of the traditional designing, i.e. patterns of grass, animals and floras etc. into the Japanese constructive designing.

但是， 日本设计家更加喜欢对称化的布局，而不是构成主义非对称化的方式，中轴对称是日本长期的传统设计的组成部分之一，因此日本的设计对欧洲的构成主义进行了调整，把传统设计中一些简单化的象征性图案，比如花草、动物、植物纹样等等，都加入到日本式的构成主义设计中。

Before he left for Japan, Venerable Jianzhen was a doctor, and also the abbot of Daming Temple in Yangchou, China. The renowned Chinese priest conducted ordinations and, south of Yangtze River, he earned the reputation of "the Ordinator".

鉴真大师当初东渡到日本奈良，在艰苦的环境下为日本的教化奉献出一切，日本人民对鉴真大师非常敬仰，他的事迹给我一个启示，求法很重要然而弘法更重要。

In this paper, the phenomenon of abnormal nodularizing or unsucceeded globing in nodular iron product was introduced, and the cause was also analyzed.

对球铁生产中出现的球化不良或球化不成现象，分析了产生的原因，借鉴日本铸造学者张博、明智清等在《球墨铸铁》中的防止球化衰退的&二次球化&，经过生产实践，摸索出了用&补充球化&法来挽救球化不良或球化不成的铁水，取得了较好的效果。

As the premise for the establishment of looting, destruction of the education system in China services, the adoption of colonial education to young people in an attempt to gradually influence the process of cultural knowledge, advocating Japanese spirit and devoid of the consciousness of the Chinese nation and the spirit of national resistance, become willing to listen to Japanese colonial rule and oppression of the "loyal and honest citizens" or dead-set for the Japanese invasion of China in the traitor proxy fanatic followers, the effectiveness of training resources for the exploitation of Chinese labor.

并以此为前提建立为其掠夺，灭亡中国服务的教育制度，企图通过奴化教育使青少年在接受文化知识的过程中逐渐潜移默化、崇尚日本精神、泯灭中华民族意识和民族反抗精神，成为甘愿听从日本殖民统治和压迫之&忠良国民&或死心塌地为日本侵华效力卖命之汉奸走狗，培养为其掠夺中国资源效力的劳动力。

A review of Japan's nationality policy towards Koreans in Northeast China before the September 18th Incident can help us to know that by the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo, Japan neither implements its Japanese Nationality Lawin Korea, nor allows Koreans' naturalization.

纵观&九？一八&事变前日本对东北朝鲜人的国籍政策，可以得知，直到伪满洲国成立为止，日本都没有在朝鲜真正实施&日本国籍法&，也没有允许朝鲜人归化。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。