日本

The Great War was unfortunate, because it gave Japan temporarily a free hand; the collapse of Tsarist Russia was fortunate, because it put an end to the secret alliance of Russians and Japanese; the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was unfortunate, because it compelled us to abet Japanese aggression even against our own economic interests; the friction between Japan and America was fortunate; but the agreement arrived at by the Washington Conference, though momentarily advantageous as regards Shantung, is likely, in the long run, to prove unfortunate, since it will make America less willing to oppose Japan.

伟大的战争是不幸的，因为它使日本暂时放手，是沙皇俄国崩溃是幸运的，因为它结束了对俄罗斯和日本的秘密联盟年底，在英日同盟是不幸的，因为它迫使我们怂恿日本侵略甚至对我们自己的经济利益；在日本和美国之间的摩擦是幸运的，但该协议达成的华盛顿会议上，虽然一时山东方面的优势，是可能的，从长远来看，证明不幸的，因为它将使美国不愿意反对日本。

So it is rationally to divide them into 1950s and 1960s. This thesis begins at the Anbao political struggle in the 1960s, and analyses the metabolism. Then the thesis analyses the status of Japanese architect now times through the development of economy and the effect of metabolism.A group of architects born in 1950 gestate in the bubble economy of 1980s.

本文以叙述1960年代日本的安保政治斗争为背景，分析了日本现代主义建筑发展中最为重要的新陈代谢运动，并从新陈代谢主义的影响和日本社会经济的发展状况作为切入点，深入分析了当前日本建筑的状况。1980年代日本泡沫经济的虚假繁荣颇为平静地孕育了一批1950年代出生的建筑师。

An Giang company mainly engaged in the sales outlet of Products as follows (professional mold fittings production 'sales) 1-SKD11/SKD51 red needles: thimble, thimble flat, Secretary kinds of non-standard custom drum 2 - wire attack: Japan OSG/YAMAWA3- reamer: Japan MCO 4 - Spring: Japan East hair, Tatung spring 5 - oilstone: The United States must Bao oilstone / Japan sharp grams must oilstone 6 - Center drill: Japan OK.

安江公司销售门市主要经营产品如下（专业模具配件生产'销售）1-SKD11/SKD51冲针：顶针，扁顶针，司筒订制各种非标2-丝攻：日本OSG/YAMAWA3-绞刀：日本MCO4-弹簧：日本东发，大同弹簧5-油石：美国必宝油石/日本锐必克油石6-中心钻：日本OK。

Japan was second in China in the strategy has been to turn defensive attack by the Chinese side in the stage of Japan if we do not realize that the expansion of the battlefield will be stuck in the mudflats China, the United States has also aware of Japan's ambitions if the United States began positive So instead of preparing for Japan against the United States, which Yamamoto clearly than anyone else in the United States as early as when the military attache of the time he would understand that the U.S.

其二日本当时在中国境内已经处在战略的由攻转守阶段在中国方面日本意识到如果不扩大战场将陷在中国泥滩，同样美国已经察觉到日本的野心如果美国开始积极的备战那么日本不是美国的对手，这一点山本比谁都清楚早在其在美国当武官的时候他就明白了美国的制造业的发达程度，所以日本必须速战速决，山本所以对天皇说他只有六个月的把握。

Especially when July ,1936 called Japan And Manchoukuo Peace Treaty's Postscipt,add the posipolity of "dual nationaliy.To Koreans residing in Northest China, they also had dual nationality because of some history things and China Nationality Law which was revised in 1929.1f deal with this thorny thing failurely, the Janpan goventment would carried that the people think the " Manchoukuo only was puppet country.

居住在东北的日本人均可拥有&满洲国&的国籍，但是日本人在感情上并没有脱离日本国籍而加入&满洲国&国籍之意，这就增加了日本人双重国籍的产生；尤其是1936年7月所谓的《日满条约》和其附属说明中更是表明了日本人是以不脱离本国国籍为前提的，其结果更是增加了在满日本人双重国籍情况的产生。

From some theories, especially the theory of marginal industrial expansion, we can learn the motive of Japanese direct investment in China. On the basis of the motive, The essay analyzes some investment strategy, such as, export - process - basis type strategy, market - merge type strategy and so on. In the third part, it analyzes the decision process of Japanese direct investment in China, the psychal behavior characteristic of investment, also the confirmation of region . Futhermore, it analyzes the direct investment of Japanese in detail. The fourth part is the relationship between Japanese direct investment in China and China - Japan trade. The datum of theory and practice explain that Japanese direct investment in China promotes bilateral trade and improves the trade structure.

从理论上，尤以小岛清的边际产业扩张理论为重点，说明日本对华直接投资的动机，并按动机把日本对华直接投资的战略类型如出口加工基地型、市场参与型等战略作了分析；第三部分：论述日本对华直接投资的决策过程，日本企业的投资心理行为特征以及投资区位的确定等，并且较为具体地分析日本中小企业的对华直接投资；第四部分：日本对华直接投资和中日贸易的关系。

Based on the results of previous research, we studied the relationship between the process of Tea Ceremony's spread in Japan and the Zen sect, the background of key experts those who have significant contributions in developing Tea Ceremony and come to the following conclusions: First, the Tea Ceremony stemmed from China; then it was brought to Japan by Bonzes and fully developed there.

在前人成果的基础上，通过对茶文化在日本的传播、普及过程中与禅宗之间的关系；日本茶道形成过程中各关键茶人名家的背景、其对茶道事业的贡献、作用；以及禅与日本茶道的关系这三个方面进行详细研究，得到以下结果：首先、饮茶文化源于中国，后由僧侣传至日本，并得以发展。虽然在日本茶道未正式形成之前，茶与禅宗并未发生本质性的关系，但是茶在日本的传播与普及却基本上有赖于僧侣们的宗教力量。

Has studied the evolvement and development of Japanese images in Chinese students' eyes by unscrambling their works. Regarding the course of the movement as temporal skeleton, considering correlative political, historical, cultural background and basing on the careful reading and analysis, the dissertation connects the snippets of Japanese images, which formerly appeared in dispersive and hidden states in these works to form clear-cut Japanese images.

中国百年留日文学中的日本形象研究》一文就对这些文学作品进行解读，研究留学生眼中日本形象的演进和发展，文章以中国人留学日本的进程为时间脉络，考虑特定时代的相关政治、历史、文化等背景，以留日文学文本的细读为基础，并对之进行解析和梳理，使原先在各作品中以零散、隐性等状态存在的有关日本及日本人的文字片断连贯起来，形成清晰的&日本形象&。

The company has long been engaged in walking Products Wholesale Wire Cutting used; main products are: Diamond Wire Cutting eyes walking mode / guide wire Tsui, water covered / sprinkler Tsui, ceramic insulation board, marble nose conductive block / give electricity board, take care Using Tension round wire, round round, round wire, catheter threading conductive Silverstrand gears, bearings, cation-anion-exchange resin / French resin walking slowly filter thread cutting / Japan "TOKYO" take care yarn machine filter / EDM Filter / Japan "TOKYO" EDM filter filters Express connectors stainless steel screws, wire walking dedicated fixture / fixtures Motorola, Netherlands powerful magnet than the tables swiss ruby silk copper walking / galvanized copper / Japan's "Sumitomo"/"OKI"/"KHS" copper / brass Electricity JAPAN TOA-class silk / Japan OKI galvanized wire line walking slowly dieMaterials SKD-11, SKH-9RHV600, JAPAN NC derusting agent K -200, KC-12, WD-40 anti-rust oil, rust-proof water NOVOTEC Germany than Israel, Block Table, Switzerland EROWA Fixture

公司长期从事慢走丝线切割常用产品批发；主要产品有：慢走丝线切割钻石眼模/导丝咀，水盖/喷水咀，陶瓷绝缘板，大理石机头导电块/给电板，慢走丝用张力轮，出线轮，引线轮，，穿线导管导电银线齿轮，轴承，阴阳离子交换树脂/法国树脂慢走丝线切割过滤器/日本&TOKYO&慢走丝机过滤器/火花机滤芯/日本&TOKYO&火花机过滤器过滤器快速接头不锈钢螺丝，慢走丝专用夹具/万力治具，荷兰强力磁石瑞士红宝石较表慢走丝铜线/镀锌铜线/日本&住友&/&OKI&/&KHS&铜线/日本TOA黄铜电级丝/日本OKI镀锌线慢走丝模具五金材料SKD-11，SKH-9RHV600，日本NC除锈剂K-200， KC-12，WD-40防锈油，德国NOVOTEC防锈水以色列较表座，瑞士EROWA 夹具

His major works and commissions include: ' Three Temperaments , for Big Choir ' (1986), ' Counterpoint of Times , for woodwind septet ' (1989), ' Wild Children , for mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (1993), ' Overture , for solo Chinese bass drum and Chinese winds and percussion band ' (1994), ' Intonation , for chamber orchestra ' (1990-1994), ' Flavour of Bashu , for two violins, piano and percussion ' (1995), ' Pole , for solo Chinese Yun-luo, Chinese pai-gu and Chinese bass drum with six percussionists ' (1996),commissioned by Japan Asian Percussion Ensemble, ' Symphonic Prelude --- Bashu Capriccio' (1996), 'The Song Without Words , for solo percussion ' (1997), commissioned by the Ministry of Culture of Japan, Japanese Contemporary Music Association, and Japanese Embassy in China,'Illusions of the Symphonic Stage of Tang Dynast y , for orchestra of Tang Dynasty, percussion, voices and a big choir '(1999), commissioned by Japanese No Music Guanshiliu Green Spring Association, Chinese Music Research Center in Japan, Japanese Asian Percussion Ensemble and Japanese-Chinese Cultural Exchange Association,'The Prospect of Colored Desert , for violin, cello, sheng, pipa and percussion '(2000),commissioned by Yo-Yo Ma, Silk Road Project Inc. of the U.S., Sony Record,'Three Movements of Autumn , for small Chinese instruments ensembl e'(2000) and ' Sound Games , for 5 Chinese Percussion Instruments Players ' (2000-01), commissioned by La Cité de la Musique, Paris "2000 Chinese Classical Music Series", ' Fusion I , for Mixed Chamber Ensemble ' (2002), commissioned by Holland New Ensemble and Atlas Ensemble, ' Fusion II , Concerto for Solo Chinese Percussion and Orch.' (2002), commissioned by Japanese–Chinese Committee of Friendship and Public Music Performance, and ' Fusion III , for Irish flute, accordion, bodhran, Chinese sheng, zheng, Percussion and 13 Strings with Chamber Choir.' (2003-04), commissioned by China-Ireland Exchange Program, ' The Three Images from Washing Painting , for chamber ensemble of 17 players '(2005) commissioned by the New Juilliard Ensemble for the special concert of the Juilliard Centennial and sponsored by Asian Cultural Council and the Guggenheim Partnership and 'The Butterfly Dream', new 7 scenes Opera inspired by KUN QU' (2007) commissioned by the Contemporary Legend Theatre, Taiwan etc.

主要作品及委约包括：《三种气质，无伴奏合唱》(1986)、《时间的对位，木管七重奏》（1989）、《野娃子，混合室内乐队与童声》(1993)、《对话，男声独唱，女高音，童声合唱团，混声合唱团与混合乐队》(1993-94)、《序鼓，独奏中国大鼓、排鼓、云锣与中国民间吹打乐队》（1994）、《吟，室内交响乐》（1990-1994）、《蜀韵，两支小提琴、钢琴与打击乐》（1995）、《极，独奏中国云锣、大鼓、排鼓与六位打击乐演奏家》（1996）、《巴蜀随想，交响序曲》（1996）、《无词歌，打击乐独奏》（1997）（日本国文化厅、日本现代音乐协会、日本国驻中国领事馆等联合委约）、《梦的交响舞台，唐代乐队，打击乐，人声与合唱团》（1999）（日本能乐观世流绿泉会、日本中国音乐勉强会、日本亚洲打击乐团、日中文化交流协会等联合委约）、《舞蹈组曲，大型管弦乐队》(1999)、《漠墨图，小提琴、大提琴、笙、琵琶与打击乐》（2000）（马友友、美国丝绸之路文化发展公司、日本Sony唱片等联合委约）、《秋三阕，9位中国乐器演奏家》（2000）、《响趣，5位中国打击乐器演奏家》（2000）（法国巴黎音乐城&2000中国古典音乐系列音乐会&委约）、《融I ，混合室内乐团》（2002）（荷兰 New Ensemble， Atlas Ensemble联合委约）、《融II ，打击乐协奏曲》（2002）（日本日中友好音乐公演委员会委约）、《融III ，爱尔兰笛子、手风琴、巴朗鼓，中国笙、筝，打击乐，13件弦乐器以及室内合唱团》（2003-04）（爱尔兰国家文化委员会、爱中2004文化交流年组委会委约）、《水墨画意三则，为17位演奏家的室内乐团》（2005）（美国朱丽亚音乐学院新室内乐团委约，美国亚洲文化基金会和美国古根海姆基金支助）及《梦蝶，七场新昆剧》（2007）等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。