日尔曼人

Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's , like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.

单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。（ King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。

The body has 2 sections , the first of which reaches into the Christianity" s influence upon the transformation of Western Europe to feudal society : In the early middle ages Western Europe , Christianity together with the traditional ruling class , had reunified the political power of Roman empire with the help of "Divine Right to govern";In the meanwhile , it had contributed to the ethnic unity of the Roman races and the feudalization of Western Europe ; while the other section deals with the Christianity" s impact upon the transformation of Western Europe to capitalism : in the Late Middle Ages , Western Europe , with the emergence of cities , some social changes had taken place .

正文又分为两个部分：Ⅰ。基督教在西欧向封建社会转型中的作用：在西欧中世纪早期，基督教不仅为日尔曼人的统治提供了一套完备的思想理论体系，而且为孕育于两种不同背景下文化的融合搭起了桥梁，并在此基础上促成了西欧封建制的最终形成。Ⅱ。基督教在西欧向资本主义社会转型中的作用：中世纪后期，随着城市的兴起，西欧社会发生了一系列变化。

Finally, it means English belongs with the dialects of the lowlands in the West Germanic area.

最后，英语属于低地的西日尔曼人的区域里的方言。

Is said to be one of the Nordic and Germanic people's ancestors, I have reservations about this.

北迁的一支据说是北欧和日尔曼人的祖先，我对此持保留态度。

These Protestant Teutons and semi-Teutons claim to be leaders in modern civilization: to possess the greatest wealth, the best education, the purest morals; in every respect they feel themselves superior to the Latin races who still profess the Catholic religion, and they ascribe their superiority to their Protestantism.

这些新教日尔曼和半日尔曼人声称自己是领导人在现代文明的：拥有最大的财富，最好的教育，道德的纯洁；在各方面都觉得自己优於拉丁美洲的比赛谁仍然信奉天主教，他们赋予他们的优势，他们的新教。

We follow it into the Year Books, and perhaps beyond them to the customs of the Salian Franks, and somewhere in the past, in the German forests, in the needs of Norman kings, in the assumptions of a dominant class, in the absence of generalized ideas, we find out the practical motive for what now best is justified by the mere fact of its acceptance and that men are accustomed to it.

我们跟随它进入了编年史，并也许超越它们而来到撒利·法兰克人的习俗，在过去的某个地方——它可以是在日尔曼的丛林里，或诺曼国王们的需求，或统治阶级的假定，我们在没有普遍观念的指引下去发现［规则的］现实动机，而它的存在理由至多不过是它被接受且已被人们所习惯的事实。

Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.

单词本身并不是现实，只不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一个阶级用来表达现实的一种形式。 King's English不能直译为&国王英语&，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的&普通话&。

Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's , like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.

单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。（ King's English 不能直译为&国王英语&，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的&普通话&。

This practice is still retained among the wild and uncultivated nations that have never been formed into civil states, like the Tartars and others in the east; where the climate itself, and the boundless extent of their territory, conspire to retain them still in the same savage state of vagrant liberty, which was universal in the earliest ages; and which Tacitus informs us continued among the Germans till the decline of the Roman empire.7 We have also a striking example of the same kind in the history of Abraham and his nephew Lot.8 When their joint substance became so great, that pasture and other conveniences grew scarce, the natural consequence was that a strife arose between their servants; so that it was no longer practicable to dwell together.

这种行为方式仍然保留在那些野蛮无教养的未形成世俗政府的国家之中，比如鞑靼人和其他的东方人；在这些地方气候本身，以及他们领土的无边界性，共同促使他们仍然停留在漂泊自由的野人状态，这在最初的时代是普遍的情形；塔西特斯(56～120？)告诉我们杰曼人（German，常译为日尔曼，我不知道究竟是音译呢，还是意译，或许源于其它语言？）的这种状态一直保持到罗马帝国的衰落。这种情况，我们还有一个明显的例子，即历史上的亚伯拉罕和他的外甥罗得。

After the Normans took control this was replaced by the French was of making plurals.

在诺曼人控制之后，这被日尔曼单词变复数的方法所替代。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。