既往的

In conclusion, the results of multilevel model analysis showed that the GERD score of resident in Wuhan was relatively higher and had significant difference with that in Guangzhou, however, that in Shanghai, Beijing and Xi\'an had no significant difference compared with that in Guangzhou. That is to say, the prevalence of GERD in Wuhan was relatively higher compared with the other four survey sites; the residents'health status more worse, the GERD score more higher, and the influence of health status on GERD score was also effected by the region difference between Wuhan and Guangzhou; residents lived in rural region with lower education level, worse spirit status were more likely to suffer from GERD; Moreover, those residents who had family history of GI tumors or other GI diseases, some anamneses (such as dyspepsia, gastritis, rheumatic arthritis), and some diseases (such as irritable bowel syndrome and aerophagia) were also more likely to report GERD. However, no significant association was found between GERD and some other factors in this survey, such as sex, age, etc.

总之，多水平模型分析结果显示，与广州相比，上海、北京和西安居民的GERD总评分没有明显的差异，而武汉居民的GERD总评分则相对较高，即表示武汉的GERD发病率在5个调查城市中相对较高；居民的总体健康状况越差，其GERD总评分越高，且其对GERD总评分的影响受到武汉与广州之间地域差异的影响；农村居民、文化程度越低、精神状况越差者更容易患GERD；另外，那些有胃肠道疾病或肿瘤家族史，既往患有胃炎、消化不良、风湿性关节炎，现患有肠易激综合征、吞气症的人，患GERD的可能性更大，而性别、年龄等因素，本研究未发现其与GERD有显著的关系。

Lower-level fraud, however, is much harder to detect: the data point invented or erased to make a graph look better, or to make a result that was not quite statistically significant into that scientific desideratum, the "minimum publishable unit"; the results "mined" retrospectively for interesting correlations, rather than used to test pre-existing hypotheses; the photograph that has been "enhanced" to bring out what the researcher regards as the salient features.

不过，更难被发现的是低级造假：生造或抹掉一个数据点来美化图表；或者让原本统计学意义并不显著的结果摇身一变，竟成了科学上需要的东西，即"最小出版单位"（也就是说文章所提供的数据量刚好够上发表条件，说的其实就是宁要数量，不要质量）；把既往研究的结果"开采出来"，是为了寻找有意义的关联，而不是用来检验已有的假设；对图片进行"深加工"以表现出研究人员心目中的显著特征。

As showed above, we could draw the conclusion that H3 viruses could cause outbreaks or local epidemics in Shanghai for the immune of population to the new emerging antigenic drift was still unknown though there was strong immune barrier to the previous vaccine strain, H1 viruses also may caused epidemics as the population had a weak immune protection to the previous reference strains A/New Caledonia/20/99-like and part of the recent isolates were distingwishing from them and continued to evolute on the new reference strain, and H5N1 HPAI activities has expanded its geographical range thus increasing the size of the population at risk as the continuing emergence of human cases which give the virus an opportunity to evolve towards a fully transmissible pandemic strain. We should keep eyes on the human cases of avian influenza virus an its variation for the H5 isolates in Shanghai also has the possibility to infect human directly and the infection of H5, H9 viruses had previously occurred in the population especially in those contacting with animals.

综合上述分析结果，我们认为上海地区人群虽然对原有的H3亚型参考病毒株有较高的免疫保护，但H3亚型病毒HA已出现新的抗原漂移，人群现在对新变异株的保护水平尚未知，有可能在未来引起局限性暴发甚至地方性流行；人群对H1亚型流感病毒免疫保护水平低，同时H1亚型流感病毒株部分与原推荐疫苗株抗原性差别较大，并在现推荐疫苗株基础上继续变异，需警惕发生流行的可能性；H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感地域范围扩大，人间病例不断发生，存在演变成大流行株的威胁，上海市H5亚型禽流感病毒株存在跨宿主屏障感染人类的可能性，而且已发现人群尤其禽、畜类动物接触人群中存在H5、H9亚型流感病毒的既往感染，应警惕禽流感病毒的变异和人间病例的发生。

objective to study the correlation among psychosomatic health factors,depression,anxiety and sleep status in college students,to analyze influence factors in sleep status.methods with questionnaire opened in-vestigation,200college students were evaluated using cornell medical index,self-rating depression,self-rating anxiety scaleand pittsburgh sleep quality index.stepwise regression analysis was used.re-sults total score of sds was35.55±7.8,and sas was0.48±0.9.each score of cmi was higher than normal range,the highest was digestion system,next was respiration system,then,fatigue,eyes and ears,anxiety,sensitivity,tension,maladjustment in turn.total average score of psqi was6.32±3.6,ordinary sleep were115cases（57.5%）,good and bad sleep were42（21%）and43（21.5%）cases respectively.influence factors in total score of psqi were sas,cmi,respiration system,anxiety,past healthy,digestion system,fatigue,sensitivity,sds and malad-justment in turn,using stepwise regression analysis,total score of psqi as dependent variable,each factor score of cmi,total score of sds and sas as independent variables.conclusion problems of psychosomatic health,anxiety and depression could both lead to sleep disorder.

目的 研究在校大学生心身健康因素及抑郁焦虑等与睡眠状况的相关性，并对影响睡眠状况的有关因素进行分析。方法采用问卷式的开放性研究，对在校的200名大学生进行康奈尔心身健康问卷、自评抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量量表的测定，采用逐步回归分析方法。结果 sds总分为35.55±7.8、sas总分为0.48±0.9，cmi评分：消化系统最为严重评分为2.52，其次为呼吸系统、疲劳感、眼和耳、焦虑、敏感、紧张、不适应等，评分均高于正常常模。psqi总均分为6.32±3.6，一般睡眠有115例占57.5%，睡眠质量较好42例占21.0%，睡眠质量较差43例占21.5%。评估对睡眠状况的影响程度，以psqi总分为因变量，选择cmi各因子分和sds、sas总分作为自变量，进行多因素逐步回归分析，进入方程的因素依据标准化偏回归系数，影响psqi总分的因素依次为sas总分、cmi总分、呼吸系统、焦虑、既往健康、消化系统、疲劳感、敏感、sds总分、不适应（f=226.8；p.01；r=0.73）。结论心身健康问题和焦虑抑郁可导致睡眠障碍。

Methods:a total of 50 patients of manic with agressive behavor and 50 patients with no agressive behavor were compaired with their rebation data.results: the two groups were signifcent different in brms and the dinical charaters.imply that the active,agression factor,dinical character of agressive history,irritably of brms were the agressive behavor danger factors.conclusions: to give nurse intervene and heath cducation in manic with agressive behavor early could decrease the agessive behavor mostly.

采用对照分析法，对50例有攻击行为的躁狂症患者和50例无攻击行为的躁狂症患者的相关资料进行分析和显著性检验。结果：两组躁狂症患者在brms和临床特征上存在显著差异，提示brms的动作活动、敌意因子分和临床特征中既往有攻击史，易激惹、不合作及医护人员的强制手段是躁狂症患者的攻击行为的危险因素。结论：及早对躁狂症攻击行为患者实施心理干预及健康指导，可以将攻击行为减少到最低限度。

Although "quality control" practiced in the past improved accuracy and duplicability of test results somewhat, existing problems are not solved.

医院实验室的改革是医疗改革的重要方面，医疗化验费用约占医疗费用的2%～5%，过度服务已成为很难管理的问题，既往推行的&质量控制&工作在一定程度上提高和促进了检验结果的准确性和重复性，但并未解决已存在问题。

However, according to law the principle of non-retroactivity, epistatic law has not retroactive effect October 1, 1998 to August 31, 2003 law applicable to this time period should also be the entry into force of the "Property Management Regulations of Guangdong Province "This time the property maintenance fund paid by the developer.

然而，根据国际法的原则，不溯及既往，上位法并没有追溯效力1998年10月1日至2003年8月31日的适用法律的这段时间内也应开始生效的&物业管理条例，广东省&这一次，物业维修基金支付的开发商。

Notch1 is expressed by stem cells resided in the cervical loop epithelium, and Notch signaling pathway play a central role in fate decision of those stem cells. Notch receptors and their ligands are involved in both patterning and cell fate determination during odontogenesis. Moreover, many cell factors, which are closely related with odontogenesis, could regulate expression of Notch receptors or their ligands.

既往研究显示：早在牙齿发育期，Notch1就表达于颈环星网状层的干细胞中，是其保持干细胞性质的重要机制；Notch-Delta信号还与成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞分化有关，被认为是牙齿发育细胞分化多样性的原因之一；另外，目前已明确与牙胚细胞分化有关的生长因子如TGFβ、FGF、BMPs等均可诱导Notch受、配体的表达。

Targets and methods: Shanghai psychological counseling centers for treatment in patients with SAD voluntary CBGT, meet DSM-IV diagnosis of SAD standards, sex irrespective of age; Records of the patients general information and history information, including advisory, name, sex, age, occupation, culture, marriage, family history, course of illness, age of onset, inducing factor, premorbid personality, grandfather, and so on and treatment of MMPI; participate in group therapy treatment of SAD during the treatment of SAD did not take drugs, If that is used to the drug subject to a two-week drug washout period. Six cases of sleep well at night before bed without taking regular small doses of drugs Zhumian stability.

对象和方法：上海市心理咨询中心就诊的SAD患者中自愿参加CBGT者，符合DSM-IV关于SAD的诊断标准，性别年龄不限；记录患者的一般资料及病史资料，包括咨询号、姓名、性别、年龄、职业、文化、婚姻、家族史、病程、起病年龄、诱发因素、病前性格、既往治疗情况等及MMPI测试；参加集体治疗的SAD者治疗期间均未服用治疗SAD药物，如即往用过药者需经两周的药物清洗期，其中6例因睡眠不好于夜间睡前不定时服用小剂量安定类药物助眠。

It found that, in susceptible people(who had previously had acute mountain sickness at high altitude), the prevalence of acute mountain sickness was 58% with rapid ascent and no pre-exposure, 29% with pre-exposure only, 33% with slow ascent only, and 7% with both pre-exposure and

其结果发现，在易感人群中（既往曾发生过急性高空病的人群），急性高空病的患病率在快速上升及无预暴露的为58%，在仅有预暴露的为29%，在仅有缓慢上升的为33%，两者都有的为7%[5]。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。