既定的

As artists of a young generation, we naturally turn to individuality, sensibility and everydayness. For our departure is a refusal of the weight of thoughts, conventionality of idea, and big issues, in this sense we are called backpackers.

作为年轻一代的艺术家，我们本能地以个人的、感性的、日常化的方式为出发点，这种出发是卸下思想负载的、拒绝既定思路的、回避宏大问题的出发，因此我们的出发是一种轻装上路。

In "Science as a Vocation," he even concedes that the "deeper reason" for the impossibility of scientific pleading for practical stands is not the heterogeneity of the questions of facts and values but the irreconcilability of conflicts among various value spheres.

如韦伯所承认的，由于社会科学努力为既定目的而寻找手段，有关目的的知识就会引导社会科学，不管获得这一知识的方式和获得有关手段的知识是否相同：建立在有关真实目的的真正知识基础上的社会科学将会寻找适当的手段来达成那些目的；这是对政策做出客观而具体的价值判断的准备。

The vivid pictures of a leading jurisconsult''s daily practice which abound in Latin literature —— the clients from the country flocking to his antechamber in the early morning, and the students standing round with their note-books to record the great lawyer''s replies —— are seldom or never identified at any given period with more than one or two conspicuous names.

在拉丁文学中，有大量的关于著名法学专家日常活动的生动描写——从全国各地蜂拥而来的当事人在清晨到达他的接待室，他的学生环立在周围，手里都拿着笔记簿，记录着这伟大法学家的回答——但这样描写的著名人物在任何既定时期内，很少或从来没有超过一个或二个人的。

Being students "common experiencer"is the psychological base of the being of teaching tact ;being students "wisdom enlightener"is the actual strategy of the development of it;being a"constant reflector"is the only way of the exaltation of it.

课堂教学的这种转型引发我们对教学机智的重新审视，技术观下的教学机智被理解为对偏离既定目标的意外事件的处理，狭隘地等同于课堂管理的机智，而当教学恢复为一种实践活动时，定义为&面对惊异，契合情境的即兴创作&的教学机智体现了实践智慧中最为核心的品质。

The ultimate mission of a university is still the transference of the traditional wisdom and the important ideas of the time to the young generations. Others, such as training leaders, knowledge innovation, professional training for higher levels, elegance culture in a particular society, conventionalized social moral, social reforms and such should be " additional functions".

现代大学的根本使命依然是把传统的智慧和时代的思想传递给未来的一代，而领导人训练、创造新知识、高层次专业训练、特定社会高雅文化的培养、社会既定道德的传承以及社会的改造等都应该只是成为大学的&附加功能&。

As the spirit and substance change into each other, the materialized nature and spiritualized nature are not the essential elements. The consistency of material, reflection and certainty of ego are continuously being denied.

绘画作为精神和物质相互发生的演化过程，材料的既成物质属性和自我的既定精神意向都不是本质的东西，物质的自在持存性和坚固性、自我的先验自明性和确定性，在艺术创作过程中都是被不断否定的。

My study tries to explore the original views of Professor Zhou in the specific contexts by systemizing his theories that he has made in the diaries, the memoirists, and the theses about children and children's literature.

本文主要从周作人的文本出发，从他的日记、回忆录和有关儿童学、儿童文学的论文中，通过文本的细读，对他的理论进行清理，试图撇开现有的既定观念，还原周作人儿童观和儿童文学观在历史语境下的本来面目。

Some clawback of pension tax relief may be merited given the sums involved: it already costs ￡28.4 billion a year, or 2% of GDP, and a quarter of this goes to the richest 1% of taxpayers of working age .

一些养老金免税的弥补性收入对于所涉及的既定金额来说也许是理所应当的：它每年已经付出了284亿英镑，或者相当于GDP的2%，其中四分之一来自1%的最富有的工作中的纳税人。

Although much of the material is derived from Franny Moyles' factual book Desperate Romantics: The Private Lives of the Pre-Raphaelites , [ 3 ] the series occasionally departs from established facts in favour of dramatic licence and is prefaced by the disclaimer: In the mid-19th century, a group of young men challenged the art establishment of the day.

虽然大部分材料是来自弗兰尼莫伊尔斯'事实书绝望的浪漫主义者：私人生活的前拉斐尔派，[3]系列偶尔偏离既定事实，赞成戏剧性的许可证，并作序的声明：在19世纪中叶，一批年轻的男子挑战的艺术成立的日子。

But market efficiency is not the fact or truth, there should be three necessary conditions to attain market efficiency:(1) There should be enough investors to create liquidity;(2) there should be enough arbitrageurs to correct the distortion of market;(3) the information relative to the stock price must be obtained by all investors reliably, completely and timely.

然而，市场有效并不是想当然的一个既定前提或事实，市场达致有效的三个必要前提是：（1）有足够数量的投资者创造流动性；（2）有足够数量的理性套利者校正市场的扭曲；（3）与股票价格相关的信息必须可靠、完整、及时地被所有投资者获得。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。