既定事实

In terminal market, be that every brand competes for comparatively fierce position, this is a established fact.

在批发市场，是各品牌竞争较为激烈的阵地，这是一个既定的事实。

He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed -- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice.

他必须教会自己这世界上最卑鄙的事情便是害怕和学会永远的忘却。如果他忘却了精神上亘古不变的真理和事实，忘却了没有爱，没有尊重，没有同情，没有自尊，没有怜悯，没有奉献的世界任何事情都将变得短暂和既定的真理，如果他忘记了这些，他就不再为自己的创作空间留有丝毫的余地。

But market efficiency is not the fact or truth, there should be three necessary conditions to attain market efficiency:(1) There should be enough investors to create liquidity;(2) there should be enough arbitrageurs to correct the distortion of market;(3) the information relative to the stock price must be obtained by all investors reliably, completely and timely.

然而，市场有效并不是想当然的一个既定前提或事实，市场达致有效的三个必要前提是：（1）有足够数量的投资者创造流动性；（2）有足够数量的理性套利者校正市场的扭曲；（3）与股票价格相关的信息必须可靠、完整、及时地被所有投资者获得。

It is true that no theory explains everything there is to know about a topic. It is true that all theories are incomplete explanations or oversimplifications of reality. It is true that there are often competing theories for any given phenomenon and that each one will explain certain facts better than the other.

毫无疑问，针对任何问题并没有放之四海而皆准的理论；所有的理论对现实的解释都不是尽善尽美的，都是对现实的高度简单概况；对任何既定的现象总有对立的理论，各自在对某些事实的解释上比其他的理论更贴切。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。