无过错的

First of all, general introduction to environment infringement is offered, then the civil liability system of environment infringement discussed from the following respective aspects: principles of liability judgment, important elements, causes of counterplea and the forms of liability, finally some suggestions of the improvement of the civil liability system of the environment infringement law in China.

在文章的第二部分，笔者首先对过错责任原则及在环境损害民事责任中适用过错责任原则的缺陷进行了分析，接着介绍了在修正过错责任原则的过程中发展起来的几种学说，进而提出在环境损害民事责任中应适用无过失责任原则，并论述了适用该原则的理由，最后考察了我国相关法律对环境损害民事责任适用无过失责任原则的规定。

The 46th clause of the Marriage Law of the People"s Republic of China revised on April 28, 2001 stipulates "The one who has one of the following case to cause divorce:(1) bigamy ;(2) have the spouse who cohabits with other person;(3) enforcement family violence;(4) ill-treat or abandon family member, his or her spouse without fault has right to request damages compensation.

2001年4月28日修正的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第46条规定"有下列情形之一，导致离婚的，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿：重婚的；有配偶者与他人同居的；实施家庭暴力的；虐待、遗弃家庭成员的。"

To solve this problem, no-fault women's awareness of the law and the a-bility of self-protection should be increased,with the principle of "inversion of the burden of proof"in specific conditions,taking "the high degree of probability" as the proof standard as well as recognizing the importance of the investigation and evidence collection by the private detectives.

破解无过错女性"举证难"之问题，除了加强法制宣传教育，提高其法律意识和自我保护能力，以及在该类案件中采用"高度盖然性"的证明标准，且在特定情形下实行举证责任倒置原则之外，私人侦探的调查取证亦是解决该问题的可行途径。

Liability without fault is the base and standard to confirm the actor's civil liability. It is the basic rule for judicatory department to deal with tortuous dissension. However, because of the misunderstanding of liability without fault and the effect of traditional conception there always be aboil argument for any step it moves forward . But no matter in the world or in china ,it applies more and more abroad .

绪言无过错责任原则进入我国侵权法领域从而作为判断确定侵权行为人的民事责任的根据和标准的时间较晚，由于法学界特别是立法对其科学内涵的准确把握还存在一定的分歧，一方面导致了立法上对其准确地界定和相关配套法律规范的滞后，另一方面不可避免地影响了司法实践中对其适用的划一，客观上造成了一定的混乱的局面。

In this thesis,We hold the viewpoint of enviroment liability"original sin",which stand for that every act of enviroment has "original sin"that pimpair enviroment,tort of enviroment is aroused by act of enviroment that damnify interests of being attributed.

立法上和司法中的这种选择反映了对环境侵权案件适用无过错责任原则的合理性，中外学者也对这种合理性做过反复的论证。

The 46th clause of the Marriage Law of the People"s Republic of China revised on April 28, 2001 stipulates "The one who has one of the following case to cause divorce:(1) bigamy ;(2) have the spouse who cohabits with other person;(3) enforcement family violence;(4) ill-treat or abandon family member, his or her spouse without fault has right to request damages compensation.

2001年4月28日修正的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》第46条规定&有下列情形之一，导致离婚的，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿：重婚的；有配偶者与他人同居的；实施家庭暴力的；虐待、遗弃家庭成员的。&

Chapter Three analyzes the applicable condition of Contributory negligence, according to its concept and law source. And more demonstrate that Contributory negligence may be applied in no-fault liability.

第三章从过失相抵规则的概念和法律渊源入手，分析论证了过失相抵的适用条件，明确了在实行无过错责任的交通事故赔偿责任中可以使用过失相抵规则。

The court overturned a decision by magistrates in the London borough of Bromley to acquit a woman who took her daughters on two holidays without permission.

高等法院的这项裁决推翻了大伦敦地区布罗姆利自治市地方法官的决定，这位法官之前认定，一名擅自从学校带走孩子们去参加节日活动的母亲并无过错。

Their actions deserved no reproach but Vespasian did not trust its men, probably due to their support for Vitellius.

他们的行动本无过错，但韦斯巴芗却不相信他们，可能是因为该军团在内战中支持Vitellius的举动。

Theophrastus, in his comparison of bad acts- such a comparison as one would make in accordance with the common notions of mankind- says, like a true philosopher, that the offences which are committed through desire are more blameable than those which are committed through anger.

迪奥弗拉斯图斯像个真正的哲学家一样，以人类公共的理性比较了不同的不良行为，他认为由欲望导致的罪过远比由愤怒导致的罪过更令人发指，因为被愤怒冲昏头的人是带着痛苦和无意识的痉挛离开理性的；而因为欲望而犯错的人则是被快感所控制，对其所犯过错似乎更为纵容和软弱。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。