无轨道的

As the track space increasing, the holding power which flexible holding parts act on sugarcane is dropping off. As the canvas layers and length of flexible holding part increasing, the track space is also increased when flexible holding parts act on sugarcane same holding power. As the length of flexible holding part increasing, the rate of slope of holding power following the track space to change would be decreased, so holding power would vary slowly. The holding power has a better linear relationship with the track space. Holding sugarcane stalk on knot or not on knot, sugarcane stalk having leaves or without leaves, the holding power would have not significant difference. Considering the structure of device and stress of sugarcane, 4-layers canvas conveyer belt was used as flexible holding part, while its length is 120mm, 160mm, or 200mm, the corresponding maximum track space is 135mm, 183mm, or 235mm. Experimental investigation of sugarcane windrowing was done on the arc-track-type flexible holding and conveying test mechanism.

随着轨道间距的增大，柔性夹持元件施加给甘蔗的夹持力逐渐减少；施加给甘蔗相同的夹持力，随着柔性夹持元件帆布帘层数和长度的增加，对应的轨道间距增加；随着柔性夹持元件长度的增大，柔性夹持元件施加给甘蔗的夹持力随轨道间距变化的斜率减小，夹持力大小的变化越缓慢；柔性夹持元件提供的夹持力与轨道间距均呈线性关系；柔性夹持元件夹在甘蔗节上还是不夹在节上，甘蔗有叶还是无叶，其施加给甘蔗的夹持力无显著差异；从夹持输送装置结构以及甘蔗的受力情况来考虑，选择4层帆布帘输送带作为柔性夹持元件更能平稳、柔和地夹持输送甘蔗，4层帆布帘120mm、160mm、200mm长的柔性夹持元件夹持甘蔗所需最大轨道间距为135mm 、183mm、235mm。

Since the signal equipments imported is unable to meet the development demand of urban rail transit, independent research of the domestic digital jointless track circuit is critical. Charateristic analysis for signal transmission of digital jointless track circuit was mainly studied in this thesis. Design digital jointless track circuit analysis software, which validated the transmission parameters could or not meet requirements of the normal, shunt and signaling states, was the key work of the research.

本文在我国引进的国外信号设备无法满足国内城市轨道交通发展的需求，并自主研发出国产化试验型数字轨道电路的背景下，对数字无绝缘轨道电路信号传输进行特性分析，并设计出数字无绝缘轨道电路分析软件，实现对特定的轨道电路传输参数验证其能否满足调整、分流和机车信号工作状态的要求。

An astronomical unit is the length of the semimajor axis of the orbit of a hypothetical planet of mass 1/354710sm and period 365.2563835 msd in elliptic motion about the Sun; that is

天文单位的定义改为：当公转周期为365.2568983263历书日时，一个假想的、质量为零的无摄动行星的椭圆轨道的半长径，等于一个天文单位。

Their opponents never questioned the principle but denied the alleged fact, basing their denial on Leo's epistle to Maximus of Antioch in which they read:"Si quid sane ab his fratribus quos ad S. Synodum vice mea, praeter id quod ad causam fidei pertinebat gestum fuerit, nullius erit firmitatis"(If indeed anything not pertaining to the cause of faith should have been settled by the brethren I sent to the Holy Synod to hold my place, it shall be of no force).

他们的对手从来没有质疑的原则，但否认被指控的事实，根据他们的拒绝就对低地球轨道的书信，以鲆安提他们在其中写着："硅块理智的上诉，他fratribus quos广告第synodum副多边环境协定， praeter编号和广告causam信pertinebat gestum fuerit ，无主erit firmitatis "（如果确实没有任何有关的事业的信念，应该已经解决，由兄弟我发给教廷主教会议举行我的地方，应不生效）。

It canprovide dynamic responses of the system with changes of wheel load,vehicle velocity, frequency and irregularities of the track, and distribution of dynamic responses in the subgrade can be given, also beused to select parameters, optimize designs and forecast dynamicproperties of the system, etc.(2) Based on Timoshenko beam and geostatic theory, couplingrestricted equations of various finite elements are founded. The restrictedequations have been dealt with by Lagrangian enlarging multipliers.

该模型充分地考虑了系统的空间、时变、耦合特性及路-桥-隧过渡段的设计断面和设计参数，可提供无碴轨道路-桥-隧过渡段系统的动态响应时程及动态响应场分布等，具有合理选择无碴轨道过渡段设计参数、优化设计及预测动力性能等功能，从而为高速铁路无碴轨道过渡段系统的设计提供了理论分析依据。

On a larger scale, the astronomical theory of orbital influences was revived circa 1976, and climate variation attributed to such factors as ENSO, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and solar activity are now being widely discussed. Still, more than 50 years later, scientists agree that the uncontrolled experiment pointed out by Plass in 1956 has been verified, and a warmer future caused by the radiative effects of CO2 is in store.

从更大的范围看，地球轨道影响气候的&天文说&在1976年前后再度流行，厄尔尼诺南徊、太平洋年代际振荡、太阳活动等因素引起的气候变化正在被广泛地讨论。50多年过去了，科学家认为普拉斯在1956年所说的&无节制的实验&得到了证实，CO2的辐射效应造成的更温暖的未来即将到来。

züblin unballast track was first brought in zhengzhou~xi'an railway passenger dedicated line of china. its merit is high accurary of the shaped tracks and its geometrical dimension could be kept for a long time. so it will be more convenient to replace damaged unballast tracks.

小 摘要：旭普林型无砟轨道系我国在郑州～西安铁路客运专线首次引进，其优点是成型后的轨道精度高，轨道几何尺寸能够持久保持，更换受损的无砟轨道更为方便。

Test results are as follows: Ballastless track structures can effectively improve the dynamic action of train loads on subgrade beds, the measured stresses and acceleration rates are far smaller than those measured with ballasted track structures; axle loads have remarkable influence on dynamic stresses of ballastless track subgrades and have some influence on acceleration responses; speeds of either motor car units or freight trains all have limited effect on dynamic embankment responses; after attenuating over 3 meters high embankment, neither dynamic stresses nor acceleration rates are influential to net cushions at the bottom of column-net structure subgrades

结果表明：采用无砟轨道结构可以有效改善列车荷载对路基基床的动力作用，测得的动应力与加速度值均远小于有砟轨道结构测得的值；列车轴重对无砟轨道路基的动应力影响明显，对加速度响应也有一定影响；无论是动车组还是货物列车，其运行速度对路堤部分的动响应影响均有限；动应力与加速度经3 m 高的路堤后衰减，对桩网结构路基下部的网垫层已基本无影响。

Wheel/rail noise of the high-speed slab track on concrete bridge and that of the urban elevated supporting block track are predicted respectively. Noise of the slab track, compared with that of the ballasted track, is more severe. The noise of the slab track is about 6.2dBA higher than that of the ballasted track for the receiver nearby the rail, and about 3.5dBA higher than that of ballast track for the receiver

对降低高速铁路桥上板式无碴轨道及城市轨道交通桥上支承块式无碴轨道轮轨噪声的技术措施进行了研究，包括：(1)分别就板式轨道和支承块式轨道结构参数的低噪声设计原则进行了研究；(2)对几种典型的新型轨道用吸声材料的降噪效果进行了分析，结果表明降噪效果显著；(3)就声屏障高度、位置、形状以及声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料对降噪效果的影响进行了分析，结果表明：声屏障越高、越接近轨道，降噪效果越好；声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料，可降低钢轨近旁噪声2.0～3.0dBA，可降低近地面噪声约1.5～2.0dBA

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。