无菌法

Method］ The antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extracts from 33 edible spice plants against Trichoderma viride, Aspergillum flavus, Aspergillum niger and Escherichia coli were studied in vitro using method of punching.

方法］以绿色木霉、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、大肠杆菌为供试菌，采用打孔法对33种香料植物的无水乙醇提取物进行体外抑菌试验。

Methods①The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum fungicidal concentration of citral against C.

方法①参照NCCLS M27A方案中的微量液基稀释法测定柠檬醛和氟康唑对原始白念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度；②采用多步诱导法，观察在含梯度浓度(1～50MIC)柠檬醛培养基上连续转种的白念珠菌MIC的变化情况，以氟康唑作为阳性对照，同时设空白对照和溶媒对照；③将敏感性下降的诱导株在无药培养基上连续转种10次后，检测其MIC值；④测定柠檬醛对氟康唑敏感性下降诱导株的MIC值。

Results:The strains of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, Pneumoniae diplococcus could not be inhibited by the fresh squid ink and abstracted squid ink in vitro by agar punch method.

结果：新鲜乌贼墨与粗提乌贼墨在体外对琼脂打孔法中的金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎双球菌无抑菌圈产生。

The results indicated that there was no statistical difference when yeast extract blood agar was used instead of chocolate agar for culturing gonococcus.

结果表明，用酵母浸膏血琼脂替代巧克力琼脂培养淋球菌无统计学差异，淋球菌用平板浸润法接种比平板涂布法好。

We used Aeromonas hydrophila which we separated from the diseased Paralichthys olivaceus to made a inactivated whole cell bacterin .We injected this vaccine in the mice and the Paralichthys olivaceus .Both the mice and the Paralichthys olivaceus gained a good protection of 80% and 70%.The fish with dipping immersion gained a good protection of 85%,and the incidence of disease was 6%.We detected the antibody level in the antiserum by agglutination reaction and indirect ELISA which seemed to be immunogenic crucially.We anatomized the mice then we found that all the purtenance of the immunzied mice are healty.All of this proved that the vaccine is effective.

本实验将所分离到的嗜水气单胞菌用终浓度为0.2%~0.5%的甲醛对菌体进行灭活，制备了灭活疫苗，并优化灭活疫苗的灭活条件；将制备的灭活疫苗分别注射小鼠和牙鲆，均取得了较为理想的效果，其中小鼠的免疫保护率达到80%，牙鲆的免疫保护率达到70%；采用渗透压差法大规模浸泡免疫牙鲆也取得了很好的效果，浸泡免疫过的牙鲆发病率仅为6%，攻毒后免疫保护率为85%；通过应用间接ELISA方法检测受免动物的抗血清，并将牙鲆的抗血清注射新西兰白兔，从而获得兔抗鱼血清，更便于检测，结果都表明动物体内产生了较高的抗体水平；剖检攻毒后的动物，发现免疫过的动物内脏健康无异样，表明该疫苗安全有效，从而为防治牙鲆腹水症开辟了一条新途径，也为进一步制备其基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

The analysis of the mutants of amrA and amkA showed that the production of rifamycin SV had decreased about 10%-20%.

用双交换法在地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32染色体上插入阿泊拉霉素抗性基因，成功地构建了了amrA，amkA和amrB基因的突变株，其中amrA，amkA基因突变株的菌丝形态与野生型U32之间有较明显的差别，在菌丝的末端形成卷曲或弯曲。

The ELISA assay established with the crude antigen-specfic monoclonal antibodies could detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergllius, while the other assay could only detect Aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.And no cross reaction with the cell culture of Penialllium marneffei and Candidas was observed with the two methods.

用mAbs-1建立的双抗体夹心ELISA法可检测19种常见曲霉株培养液；用特异性针对烟曲霉抗原单克降抗体(mAbs-2)建立的双抗体夹心ELISA法可特异性检测临床和环境分离株烟曲霉培养液；与其他曲霉株无交叉反应；2种双抗体夹心ELISA法与马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液均无交叉反应。

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrationof Xipayiguyiy on P.gingivalis,P.intermedia and F.nucleatum was observed by agar dilution in vitro.Also,the effects of Xipayiguyinye on oral malodour challenged by cysteine was investigated on 10 volunteers in vivo.Results: It showed in this study the MIC of Xipayiguyiy for Pg and Fn was 1mg/mL,and for Pi was 0.5mg/mL.It was also found the Xipayiguyinye achieved significant effects on oral malodour challenged by cysteine.

采用琼脂稀释法，测定西帕依固龈液对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg、中间普雷沃菌、具核梭杆菌的最低抑菌浓度；对10例志愿者采用自身前后对照试验，观察四种干预措施（无干预、清水、西帕依固龈液、口泰）对半胱氨酸激发性口臭的最大值水平、各时间点下降百分比及口气值的下降曲线的影响，评价西帕依固龈液防治口臭的效果。

Pneumophila serogroup 5 antibody to develop two immuo-colloidal gold tests respectively. Main works listed below as:1、Preparation and identification of polysaccharide antigen of L. pneumophila Bacteria of LP1 ~ 7,9 and 10 were cultured on yeast agar buffer activated carbon for three to five days at 37℃, 5%CO2. Protein-free polysaccharide antigens were obtained after harvest in cells, extraction, deproteinization, dialysis and other steps. Their immunogenicities were verified by ultraviolet spectrophotometer full-wavelength scanning and Western blotting.2、Preparation and identification of rabbit anti-LP1 antibodies and rabbit anti-LP5 antibody Rabbit anti-LP1 and anti-LP5 antibodies were purified after rabbits were immuned with antigens isolated as described above. The purities of both antibodies were above 80% and the titer of blood serum 1:32 tested by double antibody sandwich assay.3、Development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay kit The size of colloidal gold particles in the kit was 25nm. The optimal concentrations for antibodies were 30μg/ml and the sensitized concentrations of NC membrane were 5 mg/ml.

主要研究工作从以下几个方面进行：1、LP1~7、9和10型多糖抗原的制备与鉴定将LP1~7、9和10型菌株分别接种在缓冲活性炭酵母琼脂培养基上，37℃、5%CO2的条件下培养，3~5天后洗下菌苔，经抽提、除蛋白、透析等步骤后得到基本无蛋白的LP多糖抗原，经紫外分光光度仪全波长扫描及Western blotting验证其抗原良好。2、兔抗LP1抗体和兔抗LP5抗体的制备与鉴定分别用LP1、LP5型多糖抗原免疫家兔，采用琼脂糖双向扩散试验检测，两种抗体血清效价均为1：32；饱和硫酸铵法提取抗体，SDS-PAGE检定其抗体纯度均达到80%以上。3、胶体金免疫层析检测试剂的初步研制采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备约25nm大小的胶体金颗粒；分别制备兔抗LP1抗体、兔抗LP5抗体的金标探针，两种抗体的最适标记量均为30μg/ml；选择适当孔径的微孔滤膜为载体包被两种抗体，NC膜包被浓度均为5mg/ml。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。