无脉叶片

Leaf sheaths loose, strongly compressed, keeled, basal sheaths imbricate; leaf blades broadly linear to lanceolate, flat or folded, 5–20 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous or adaxial surface pilose, apex obtuse; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Racemes 2–5, digitate or subdigitate, 4–10 cm, only slightly diverging; rachis glabrous. Spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 2–2.7 mm, pilose or glabrous, apex acute; upper glume and lower lemma 2–4-veined, midvein absent, laterals marginal; upper lemma pale, oblong-elliptic, shorter than spikelet, obtuse with an apical tuft of hairs; stigmas pale.

叶鞘松散，强烈压扁，龙骨状，基部的鞘覆瓦状；叶片宽线形到披针形，平的或折叠， 5-20 * 0.6-1.2 厘米，无毛的或正面具柔毛，先端钝； 0.3-0.5毫米外消旋体2-5的叶舌，指状或者4-10厘米，subdigitate，只是稍微分歧；轴无毛长圆状披针形的小穗，2-2.7毫米，具柔毛或无毛，先端锐尖；上面颖片和更下部的外稃2-4－脉，中脉无，边缘；浅，长圆状椭圆形的上面外稃，短于小穗，钝具一顶端1束毛；柱头浅。

The results of character evolution history reconstruction shows the SC in PT and AD clade might be a homoplasy character; also, the SC in PT clade might have multiple origins. SC in Pteridaceae has some special characteristics:(1) the cell long axes usually run parallel to the lateral veins;(2) Most of Pteris and Adianum species have VSC only in lower epidermis;(3) Species have ISC also have VSC.(4) Presence of spicular cells is highly correlated with the long veinal epidermal cells. Species have type III silica deposition type usually have longer and narrower veinal epidermal cell compared with ordinary epidermal cells; Species have type IV silica deposition type also have long epidermal cells, but not significantly different from ordinary epidermal cells.

本实验中亦发现凤尾蕨科之矽异形细胞具有几项特色：(1)矽异形细胞之长轴多与叶片侧脉方向平行(2)发现多数铁线蕨属以及凤尾蕨属植物仅下表皮具有脉上矽异形细胞；(3)具有脉间矽异形细胞的种类会同时具有脉上矽异形细胞；(4)长条形的侧脉上表皮细胞与矽异形细胞具有相关性，仅具脉上矽异形细胞的分类群之脉上表皮细胞均较一般表皮细胞细长；具有脉间矽异形细胞之物种之脉上表皮细胞亦为长条形但形态与一般表皮细胞常无明显形态差异。

Leaves opposite; petiole 4-7 mm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 3-8 × 1-4 cm, leathery, pubescent when young but glabrescent and shiny with age, abaxially gray tomentose, secondary veins 1 on each side of midvein, originating near leaf blade base, and meeting at apex, tertiary veins 4-6 on each side of midvein and connecting midvein to secondary veins, reticulate veins obvious, intramarginal veins 3-4 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded to obtuse and often slightly emarginate or sometimes slightly apiculate.

叶对生 叶柄4-7毫米；叶片椭圆形到倒卵形， 3-8 * 1-4 厘米，革质，幼时具短柔毛但老时脱落无毛和发亮的，背面灰色被绒毛，次脉在中脉两边各1，近叶片基部发出，在先端会集，第三脉在中脉两边各4-6和连结中脉和次脉，网脉明显，近边缘内脉距边缘3-4毫米，基部宽楔形，先端圆形到钝和通常稍微凹或有时稍具细尖。

Leaves sessile; blade broadly oblong or oblong-ovate to narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 2-6.5(-8)× 1-3.2 cm, thickly papery, abaxially rather paler but not glaucous; laminar glands dense, unequal dots or short streaks; intramarginal glands dense; main lateral veins 4-6-paired, with densely reticulate tertiary venation not or scarcely prominent abaxially; base cordate-amplexicaul, apex rounded to shallowly retuse.

叶无柄 叶片宽长圆形或长圆状卵形到狭长圆形或长圆状披针形， 2-6.5(-8)* 1-3.2 厘米，厚纸质，背面相当浅但不是苍白；片状腺体浓，不相等的小圆点或者短的条纹；近边缘内腺体浓； 4-6配对的主要侧脉，突出的具密网状第三脉不或几乎不；抱茎基部心形，先端圆形对浅微凹。

Leaf sheaths glabrous or pubescent; auricles acute erect swellings or absent; leaf blades conduplicate,(1.5–)5–10(–14)× 0.2–0.4 mm, 0.5–0.8 mm deep, veins 5–7(–9); adaxial to abaxial sclerenchyma strands absent, abaxial sclerenchyma in 3 narrow discrete strands; ligule 0.1–0.4 mm, margin ciliolate.

叶鞘无毛或被短柔毛；叶耳锐尖直立或无；叶片对折，( 1.5-)5-10(-14)* 0.2-0.4 毫米，0.5-0.8毫米深，脉5-7-9；缺席背轴sclerenchyma股，在3 狭窄的分离的股的背轴sclerenchyma正面；叶舌0.1-0.4毫米，边缘具短缘毛。

Leaves distichous, simple, those toward base of plant usually bladeless and reduced to sheaths; leaf sheath open; ligule usually present; petiole present or not, located between leaf blade and sheath, cushionlike in Zingiber ; leaf blade suborbicular or lanceolate to narrowly strap-shaped, rolled longitudinally in bud, glabrous or hairy, midvein prominent, lateral veins usually numerous, pinnate, parallel, margin entire.

单叶二列，基部的叶通常无叶片，退化成叶鞘；叶鞘开放叶舌通常有；叶柄有或无，位于叶片和鞘之间，在姜属里为垫状；叶片近圆形或者披针形，或狭带形，在芽期卷曲，无毛或有毛，中脉显著，侧脉通常多数，羽状，平行，边缘全缘。

Petiole 0.8-1.2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 7-12(-16)× 2.5-4.5(-5.5) cm, leathery, abaxially pale green, brown glandular punctate, hirtellous near base especially along midvein but glabrescent, and becoming yellowish brown when dry, adaxially dark green,± rugulose, and glabrous, midvein, secondary, and reticulate veins abaxially raised and adaxially impressed, secondary veins 8 or 9 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margin bluntly denticulate, apex shortly acuminate to acuminate. Flowers subterminal, solitary, ca.

叶柄0.8-1.2厘米，无毛；叶片椭圆形到长圆形椭圆形， 7-12(-16)* 2.5-4.5(-5.5)厘米，革质，苍绿色，棕色腺体具点，具微糙硬毛的近基部特别是沿中脉但是后脱落，并且干燥时成为黄棕色，正面深绿色，多少微皱，并且无毛，中脉，次脉，和网脉背面突起和正面凹陷，次脉在中脉两边各8或9，花近顶生，单生，直径约4厘米，近无柄。

Stipules green, falcate, rarely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate or lobed, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole sparsely pilose or pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate with (2 or)3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, reduced to 3 leaflets on upper leaves; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed pilose on veins, or densely pubescent or tomentose-pubescent between veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly or sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially pilose, or hirsute or hirtellous on veins, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to broadly so, margin acutely to obtusely serrate, apex rounded to acute, rarely acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, spicate-racemose, branched or not; rachis pilose.

绿色，镰刀形的托叶，卵形或卵状披针形的很少，草本，边缘锐切成锯齿状或者有叶，很少全缘，先端锐尖或渐尖；叶柄疏生柔毛或短柔毛；叶片间断奇数羽状具(2或)3或4小叶，退化至3小叶在上部叶片上；短的小叶无柄或具小叶柄，倒卵形，倒卵状椭圆形，披针形或倒卵形， 1.5-5 * 1-2.5 厘米，背面的贴伏的具柔毛的在脉上，在脉之间的或密被短柔毛的或被绒毛的短柔毛，很少脱落无毛显著具点，正面具柔毛的或疏生腺体，或具粗毛或在脉上，很少脱落无毛，基部楔形到宽楔形，花序顶生，穗状总状，与否的分枝；轴具柔毛。

Leaves alternate or opposite to whorled, usually clustered at apices of branches; petiole very short to absent; leaf blade linear or linear-oblanceolate, 0.8-1 × 0.15-0.25 cm, leathery or subleathery, abaxially densely gray sericeous when young, adaxially sericeous or glabrous, base cuneate, margin strongly revolute, apex apiculate; veins obscure.

叶互生或对生到轮生，通常在枝先端簇生；叶柄非常短到无；叶片线形的或线形倒披针形， 0.8-1 * 0.15-0.25 厘米，革质或近革质，背面密被灰色幼时，正面无毛的被绢毛或无毛，基部楔形，强烈外卷的边缘，先端具细尖；脉不明显。

Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate, 4-8 mm; petiole 2-11(-13) cm, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, oblong or subelliptic,(5-)9-21 × 2.5-10 cm, papery, slightly rough, secondary veins 3 or 4 pairs along midvein, abaxial surface strigillose or pubescent on veins, rarely glabrous, adaxial surface sparsely appressed strigillose or glabrous, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or obtuse, margin denticulate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Glomerules usually unisexual, sometimes bisexual, in the axils of current and fallen leaves along normal leafy stems, 4-10 mm in diam.; male ones on proximal part of flower-bearing branches; female ones on distal part.

叶互生 托叶披针形，4-8毫米；叶柄2-11(-13)厘米，被短柔毛或无毛；叶片卵形，椭圆形，长方形或，( 5-)9-21 * 2.5-10 厘米，纸质，粗糙的稍，次脉3或4 对沿中脉，背面具短糙伏毛的或短柔毛在脉上，很少无毛，正面疏生贴伏具短糙伏毛的或无毛，通常单性的团伞花序，有时两性，在正常生叶的茎的叶和脱落叶的腋内，直径4-10毫米；在忍受花的分枝的下部上的雄性的；在上部上的雌性的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。