无结构的

Half penalty method and optimism design of ten connecting bar mechanism of plunger slide in double action drawing press;2. The essential boundary condition is imposed by employing a penalty method .

将选择施加在"虚结构"控制点上的虚载荷作为形状优化的设计变量，并将它与无网格Galerkin法相结合来开展结构形状优化研究，采用罚函数法来施加边界条件，通过直接微分法建立了结构形状优化的离散型灵敏度分析算法，利用无网格法研究了节点坐标关于设计变量导数的计算。

The results are as follows:(1) The morphological investigation indicated that the nectaries werelacked on the main nervation, calyx and bract of cotton line 97014 comparedwith TM-1. Alveolate hollow was absent at main nervation of the mature leaf.Results of cytological analysis showed that 97014 lacked nectariferous structure.Where nectary inserted were parenchyma cells, cupped structure and brownnectariferous substance on the lower epidermis were not found.

主要研究结果如下：(1)以棉花无蜜腺品种97014与有蜜腺棉花遗传标准系TM-1为材料，进行形态学比较研究，结果表明棉花无蜜腺品种97014叶片中脉、花萼和苞叶上都缺少蜜腺，成熟叶片叶脉、花萼和苞叶上均无蜂窝状凹陷；组织与细胞切片观察发现，97014缺少蜜腺组织结构，在蜜腺着生处为排列整齐的薄壁细胞，且在下表皮看不到凹陷的组织结构和褐色的蜜腺分泌物。

By using the above conclusions the nondegeneracy condition of systems without steady errors is analyzed successfully.

利用上面的结果，成功地分析了结构无静差问题的非蜕化条件；证明了非蜕化条件不但是实现结构无静差的充分条件之一，而且还是实现结构无静差的必要条件。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

Results In the heated bone ,bone lacunae were empty ,no bone cells existed ,bone lamella was seen ,granular basophilia staining was seen in some parts of the lamella. In bone medulla , no cell existed , thrombosis occurred in some blood ,partial bone lamella disappeared.

结果 整个视野内骨陷窝空虚，无骨细胞存在，骨板尚清晰，部分骨板出现颗粒状嗜碱性染色，骨髓腔内，基本无细胞结构，血管闭塞，哈佛氏系统结构不清，部分区域骨板层状结构消失，呈一片均质的嗜伊红染色。

Research purposes:Through doing overall researches,it is proposed to adopt flat-slab beamless pile structure for low embankment of soft weak subgrade,which can be suitable for ballast and ballsatless tracks and control the structure s settlement with easy construction and low construction cost.

研究目的：通过全面研究，提出软弱地基低矮路堤采用无梁板桩柱结构，保证结构可适应有碴及无碴轨道，达到结构沉降可控，施工方便，造价经济的目的。

The results show that diffluent sericin powder mainly offers random coil structure in its molecular conformation while high polymer amorphous structure of aggregating state.

研究结果表明，易溶性丝胶粉的分子构象以无规卷曲结构为主，高聚物的聚集态结构主要是无定形结构。

Test results are as follows: Ballastless track structures can effectively improve the dynamic action of train loads on subgrade beds, the measured stresses and acceleration rates are far smaller than those measured with ballasted track structures; axle loads have remarkable influence on dynamic stresses of ballastless track subgrades and have some influence on acceleration responses; speeds of either motor car units or freight trains all have limited effect on dynamic embankment responses; after attenuating over 3 meters high embankment, neither dynamic stresses nor acceleration rates are influential to net cushions at the bottom of column-net structure subgrades

结果表明：采用无砟轨道结构可以有效改善列车荷载对路基基床的动力作用，测得的动应力与加速度值均远小于有砟轨道结构测得的值；列车轴重对无砟轨道路基的动应力影响明显，对加速度响应也有一定影响；无论是动车组还是货物列车，其运行速度对路堤部分的动响应影响均有限；动应力与加速度经3 m 高的路堤后衰减，对桩网结构路基下部的网垫层已基本无影响。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

Mm×400mm fiber reinforced composite material armor panel behind the ship's C type steel panel was used to simulate warsh ip's light composite armor, and the ballistic velocity penetration experiments for the different FRC armor panel and the different structural status, such as space certain clearance or no between the two parts, have been done.

采用纤维增强复合材料板前置船体结构钢板模拟舰用轻型复合装甲结构，对有间隙和无间隙复合装甲结构以及不同纤维增强复合材料防弹板进行了打靶实验研究，实验测试了不同纤维增强复合材料防弹板以及有间隙和无间隙复合装甲结构抗弹丸穿甲的吸能量。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷