无细胞的

The leaf structures of 17 mosses collected from different environmental conditions were transected and compared by means of paraffin wax section. The results showed that species vary much among the features such as the absence or presence of hydrome cells, the differentiation of steroid cells, the numbers of cell layer, the density of the costae, the numbers of laminal cell layer, etc.

使用石蜡切片法，对不同生境下的17种藓类植物的叶片进行了解剖观察和比较分析，结果表明不同种类的藓类植物在中肋导水主细胞的有无、厚壁细胞是否分化、中肋细胞层数及细胞密度、叶片细胞层数、叶表附属物、叶片细胞密度等方面存在显著差异。

Nestin-positive cells were mainly in the gastric mesenchyma and the neck region of the glands. In mucosa of small intestine, Musashi-1-positive cells and TERT-positive cells were mainly located between cell positions 4 and 7. Oct-4-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the crypts.

小肠黏膜中Musashi-1和TERT阳性细胞主要在距隐窝底部4~7个细胞的位置，Oct-4阳性细胞散在分布于腺体内，Nestin阳性细胞均分布在小肠黏膜间质，无腺体内着色。

Nestin-positive cells were in the mesenchyma of small intestine, none of which in the crypts. In mucosa of descending colon, Musashi-1-positive cells were mainly located between cell positions 1 and 4, and TERT-positivc cells 1 and 5. Oct-4-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the crypts and the mesenchyma. Nestin-positive cells were all in the mesenchyma, none in the crypts.

降结肠黏膜中Musashi-1和TERT阳性细胞分别主要在距隐窝底部1~4个和1~5个细胞的位置，Oct-4阳性细胞散在分布在腺体内和黏膜间质，Nestin阳性细胞分布黏膜间质内，腺体内无表达。

The frequencies of micronuclei and multinucleate cells in BEAS-2B cells were significantly increased by DU and these increments of micronucleated cells could be inhibited effectively by DMSO.

贫铀诱发微核细胞、多核细胞增多，DMSO对微核细胞增多有抑制作用，而对多核细胞增多无明显的抑制作用。

We found that 1 mutant EG4 cells showed typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells which had no obvious difference with wild cells; 2 When induced by 10〓 M retinoic acid , mutant EG4 cells differentiated into adipocytes with high frequency compared with mutant cells, suggested that EGFR plays a role in adipocyte differentiation; 3 when injected into nude mice, mutant teratocarcinomas contained a large amount of connective tissues as well as skeletal muscle, while wild EG4 cells produced frequently cartilage, keratinocyte and neuroepithelium.

我们建立了稳定表达胞内区功能缺失的外源EGFR cDNA片段的EG4细胞，分析其生长分化特性，发现 1）突变型细胞可在未分化状态下维持长时间的增殖，表明EGFR对EG多能干细胞表型无明显影响；2）〓 M的维甲酸A(retinoid acid A，RA)诱导后，大部分对照组细胞分化为脂肪细胞，而突变型细胞分化为脂肪细胞的比例明显较少，表明EGFR在脂肪细胞的发育分化中具有一定的调节作用；3）畸胎瘤切片分析显示，突变型瘤组织分布有大量的未分化细胞和结缔组织，分化细胞以肌肉细胞为主；对照组瘤组织含丰富的角质上皮、软骨、神经管等依赖EGFR的分化组织。

Methods 1 Using granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor 800〓/ml, interleukin 4 (IL-4) 500〓/ml, and tumor necrosis factorα 250〓/ml, the DC were generated in AIM-Ⅴ with or without nonadherent cells relatively.

对有无悬浮细胞的条件下，用含有rhGM-CSF 800〓/ml、IL-4 500〓/和TNF-α 250〓/ml的无血清培养基，诱导培养DC细胞，并在光镜下每天记录形态学变化； 2。

RESULTS: NK cells represent a unique subset of lymphocytes that have no restriction by MHC antigens and have the ability to lyses certain tumor cells without the requirement for prior immune sensitization of the host. In addition, NK cells can also produce cytokines and regulate the function of other immune cells. So, it is emerging to apply NK cells as therapeutic agents against a broad range of malignancies. In this respect, the anti-tumor activity of NK cells is the key factor of NK-cell-based immunotherapy.

结果：NK细胞是一种独特的淋巴细胞，对靶细胞的识别无MHC限制性，无需预先致敏即可直接杀伤肿瘤细胞，也可分泌细胞因子调节其他免疫细胞的功能，是机体天然免疫的主要承担者，也是获得性免疫的核心调节细胞，故NK细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中的地位越来越受到重视，随之增强NK细胞肿瘤杀伤活性的研究也逐步深入。

In Chapter Two, some methods such as electron microscope, DNA ending label and MTT measurement were used to studied the changes of apoptosis, necroses and cell vigour of leukaemia K562 cell trunk and HL-60 cell trunk irradiated with millimeter wave. Different effects of millimeter wave to leukaemia cell trunks and human marrow cells were observed clearly. Human marrow cells were not so sensitive to millimeter wave radiation as leukaemia cells.

第二章，利用电镜技术、DNA末端标记、MTT活力测定等方法，研究了毫米波对红白血病K562细胞株、人类急性早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60及正常人骨髓单核细胞的细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡、细胞活力的影响，结果发现毫米波辐射对正常人骨髓细胞及白血病细胞的影响明显不同，正常人骨髓细胞所受影响较小，特别是功率密度小的毫米波对其无影响；而白血病细胞受辐射后发生显著的凋亡或坏死，细胞活力显著下降，该效应具有明显的功率窗和时间窗。

PCI2 cells were treated under glucose deprivation as model group. Method Morphological and cytoflowmetric methods (the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; MEF method) were applied to evaluate the protective effect of SAB. The RNA levels of grp75 were measured by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to investigate the expression level of PC12 cells under glucose deprivation and treated by SAB.

以PCl2细胞（大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞）的无糖培养建立细胞缺糖损伤模型，MTT法检测细胞的存活率；应用流式细胞仪检测亚二倍体细胞的比率及线粒体跨膜电位的改变；应用免疫细胞化学、RT-PCR法研究细胞内应激蛋白grp75的表达变化，激光共聚焦显微镜观察SAB作用下Ca(上标 2+)的变化。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。