无系统的

The equality of local and global supervisor, the decentralized supervision strategies to optimize the performance measures of globally decomposable tasks are given complete attention.

运用图论的观点，通过对两种无直接关联的DEDS模型的研究，得到一种全新的离散事件优化方法，克服了RW理论已有框架的不足，从而为复杂离散事件系统的多模型集成提供了一条简明的途径。

Performance simulation of the proposed estimator including Mean Squares Error of channel and uncoded Bit Error Rate have been taken, and the results show the estimator is efficient and very flexible.

对信道盲估计的均方误差和由此算法获得的信道的状态信息对无编码的OFDM系统进行解调的误比特率进行了仿真，结果表明提出的算法是有效的并具有很好的灵活性。

In this paper, we construct the differential equation to solve the unconstrained optimization problem. Such methods solving the ill-conditioned problems are very effective. It indicates that the asymptotically stable region of explicit the Euler method to solve the differential equation equals to the descent region of the gradient method to solve the original unconstrained optimization problem.

我们发现，在用Euler方法求解二次优化问题的等价动力系统的方程时，由方法的步长确定的稳定区域对应于这些方法所得到的迭代公式的步长满足单调下降算法的条件确定的单调下降区域，因此我们可以利用这个性质构造解无约束优化问题的数值方法而不采用标准的常微分方程的数值求解公式。

Through establishing the functional of the source pulse which is based on the concept of "usable energy" in the received pulse and then extremizing the functional by means of the calculus of variations, the mathematical models of the optimized source pulse waveforms are shown to be associated with the eigenfunctions of a homogeneous Fredholm linear integral equation of the second kind. An efficient algorithm is developed for numerically solving the integral equation models.

论文研究了基于延迟反射脉冲序列无源标签的UWB RFID系统的基本工作原理并进行了详细的信号描述和分析，通过建立基于接收脉冲"有效能量"概念的源脉冲波形函数的泛函和使用变分计算泛函极值，得到了相关于第二类齐次Fredholm线性积分方程特征函数的源脉冲波形最优解数学公式模型，并开发了一套有效的数值求解算法。

Lagrange multiplication operator was used to analyze the parameter estimation equation for obtaining the optimized estimation of parameters. Computer simulation result showed that this method is better than traditional least squares estimation.

计算机仿真的结果表明，该优于传统的最小二乘估计法，获得的估计参数是渐进无偏的，获得的估计参数的辨识精度更高，该参数约束估计法在系统辨识和参数估计领域具有极其重要的实际应用价值。

Through the method of experts'investigation, to analyze the risk on this project and choose out the headstream of the risk 2. Through the method of classification, to disassemble this project 3. Through the method of simulation, to estimate the risk of investment 4. To provide the scheme to avoid and manage the risk All of these efforts made us realizing the features of this project and mastering the rule of risk. So we can complete the project within 1000 days, and create the miracle in the field of the construction on track traffic, with the features of the limited manager, the short term, the low cost, the high technology, the high quality and the perfect safety. It has been the successful nonesuch on the research of risk management art.

首先，采用专家调查法，对项目进行了系统的风险辨识，筛选了项目面临的风险源；第二，采用分级分类的办法对项目进行逐级分解；第三，采用模拟相结合的方法进行了投资风险估计；第四，提出回避风险方案和风险处置方案，从而使工程的建设者们全面的了解了项目的建设特点，把握了风险规律，把风险控制在合理的范围内，使工程能在1000天内顺利竣工通车，并以管理人员少、工期短、造价低、技术难度高、质量优良、安全无事故等特点，创造了中国乃至世界轨道轨道交通建设的奇迹，成为风险管理管理技术研究的又一成功典范。

At present,this apparatus is used mainly for the examination of the perfectness of convergent spherical wave surface with aperture angle≤1:3,hence it can be used for the non-contact direct test of aluminized or unaluminized concave mirrors with any ...

因此可以用来无接触的直接检验任意口径的镀铝或未镀铝的凹球面镜；加入辅助镜后可以检验平面镜、天文望远镜用的各种非球面镜、介质的均匀性、光学系统的质量、光轴校正及安装变形情况；也可给出物镜对于现用激光波长(6328)的波面差及测出某些象差。

It is quite possible that an automated system can achieve the same, or higher,level of assurance in which case it may not be necessary to have persons document the performance of each event in a series of unbranched automated events on the production line.

它是相当可能的，一个自动化的系统能完成相同的或比较高级别的保证，假定让人把生产线上一个连续的无分支的自动化事件里的每一事件的执行文件化可能不是必需的。

No matter B2B, B2C or C2C, penetrate the service condition which Internet the timeliness and 24 hours whole year not rests, may let the enterprise the business hour no longer receive limits, more further is the network does not have the national boundary, each consumer no longer subordinates a Yu area or the country, so long as the consumer links on Internet to be allowed from local to have to the world erects the goods which the electronic commerce website the enterprise purchases needs, moreover business transaction also may on-line penetrate the website directly in to complete, not only may greatly reduce the enterprise cost, also may let the consumer have the more time long travel to window-shop to the network, Enjoys the shopping the pleasure to utilize the ASP technology and the network database principle, I has developed an on-line shopping system based on the B/S pattern.

不管B2B、B2C或C2C，透过Internet的实时性及24小时全年无休的营运状态，可以让企业的营业时间不再受限，更进一步的是网络无国界，每一个消费者已不再隶属于某一地区或国家，只要消费者连上Internet就可以从本地向全世界有架设电子商务网站的企业购买所需的物品，而且买卖交易也可以透过网站间接在在线完成，不但可以大大降低企业本钱，也可以让消费者有更多的时间悠游于网络逛街，享受购物的乐趣。运用ASP技术和网络数据库原理，基于B/S模式我开发了一个网上购物系统。

There are no distinct differences between ancestral character state and descendant character state in some characters. 4. Only one outgroup can't give enough information to tell what the ancestor looks like. It make us not to understand how a lot of charactors evolved. 5. The matsutake group is polyphyletic. 6. The character coding is not precise enough. 7. Some characters are not homology. The result of molecular systematic study on the matstuake group shows the group is not monophyletic. The matsutake group is more closed to Tricholoma than Armillaria. ITS sequence of Catathelasma ventricosum is nearly identical to that of the matsutake group, although apparently they are very different from each other in morphological characters.

对松口蘑群通过形态学特征进行系统发育关系分析造成很大的干扰的原因有：松口蘑的种类大多形态特征比较简单，可提供进行分析的特征不多；某些性状在一些状态之间的反复转化，造成分析上的误差；在进化过程中某些性状无明显的祖征和衍征，在分析过程中很难确定进化极性；选择外群时应该用一个特定类群进行整体理解后，确定各个性状的极性，不要只用单种作为外群；松口蘑群是一个多系群；进行比较的性状不一定是同源的；数量性状编码过于粗放，反映不出真实的情况。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。