无神经节细胞的

This study was aimed to examine the relationship between dendrites of direction-selective ganglion cell and processes of starburst amacrine cell in rabbit retina and to see how the dendritic interaction could contribute to the DS mechanism.

本实验的目的是研究家兔视网膜方向选择性神经节细胞的树突与星爆无长突细胞树突之间的关系以及这种树突间的相互作用在方向选择性产生机制中的贡献。

Review articles only; calretinin; fovea centralis; macula lutea; ora serrata; photoreceptors; rods; cones; optic tract; optic nerve; visual cortex; color vision; photoreception; opsin; rhodopsin; guanine nucleotide-binding protein; G protein-coupled receptors; ion channels (cyclic GMP-gated); guanylate cyclase; cyclic GMP; dark adaptation; visual pigments; polyenes; 11-cis-retinal; vitamin A; chromophores; arrestin; recoverin; phosducin; transducin; bipolar cells; retinal ganglion cells; retinal progenitor cells; amacrine cells; Mueller cells; light; retinogenesis; ommatidia; optic vesicles; retinitis pigmentosa; blindness; macular degeneration; blind spot; Mach bands; electroretinograms; binocular vision; visual acuity; vision; retina

唯一综述；钙网膜蛋白；中央凹；黄斑；锯齿缘；光感受器；杆状细胞；圆锥细胞；视束；视神经；直观皮层；色视觉；光感受；视蛋白；视紫质；鸟苷酸-结合蛋白；G蛋白-电偶受体；离子通道；鸟苷酸环化酶；环鸟苷酸；暗适应；视色素；多烯；11 - cis -视网膜；抗干眼醇；发色团；抑制蛋白；恢复蛋白；phosducin；转导蛋白；双极细胞；视网膜神经节细胞；视网膜祖细胞；无长突细胞；米勒细胞；光；retinogenesis；小眼；视泡；色素性视网膜炎；盲的黄斑变性；盲点；马赫带；视网膜电流图；双目视觉

The retinal nerve fibre layer is composed largely of unmyelinated axons of retinal ganglion cells, and is accessible to study with optical coherence tomography, giving a measure of axonal loss.

视网膜神经纤维层大致由视网膜神经节细胞的无髓轴突组成，并且可以用视觉相干X线断层扫描的方法来研究，可测定轴突的缺失。

Results: The expression of NGF mRNA in aganglionic and hypoganglionic colon(2/9) was less than that in the proximal normal colon(8/9) and normal control.

结果： 无神经节细胞的巨结肠狭窄段和节细胞过少的肠组织与扩张段近端正常肠组织相比，其NGF mRNA表达水平降低，阳性率分别是2/9和8/9，肠神经元发育不良的病变肠组织NGF mRNA表达水平亦有下调趋势。

The abnormal distribution of NGFR in the aganglionic bowel suggests involvement of NGFR in the pathogenesis of HD. NGFR immuno-staining may be a valuable diagnostic tool in HD.

NGFR在无神经节细胞肠段的异常分布可能与HD的发病机理有关，NGFR免疫组化染色对HD可能具有诊断价值。

Results: The expression of NGF mRNA in aganglionic and hypoganglionic colon(2/9) was less than that in the proximal normal colon(8/9) and normal control. The IND specimen also showed decreased expression.

结果： 无神经节细胞的巨结肠狭窄段和节细胞过少的肠组织与扩张段近端正常肠组织相比，其NGF mRNA表达水平降低，阳性率分别是2/9和8/9，肠神经元发育不良的病变肠组织NGF mRNA表达水平亦有下调趋势。

Many gap junctions were observed between Interstitial cells of Cajal andsmooth muscle cells, between smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle cells in ganglionic part of HD bowel,which was absent or less in the aganglionic part.

Cx43在HD无神经节细胞肠段表达缺失提示细胞间通讯的破坏可能与HD肠功能异常有关。

NGFR positive nerve fibres were markedly reduced or absent in muscular layer and submucous layer while the hypertrophic nerve trunks in myenteric and submucosal plexuses showed a sheath of intense staining in the aganglionic colon from patients with HD.

结果 丰富的NGFR染色阳性神经纤维分布于正常结肠环肌层及粘膜下层，少量分布于纵肌层，NGFR染色阳性神经元分布于肌间神经丛及粘膜下神经丛；NGFR 染色阳性神经纤维在HD无肌间神经节细胞肠段肌层及粘膜下层内明显减少或缺如，而肌间肥大的神经干及粘膜下神经干为NGFR染色阳性，并且在其外周可见一强阳性染色带。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

RESULTS:In BN rat retina,Cx43 was immunolocalized to internal limiting membrane,nerve fiber layer,ganglion cell layer and pigment epithelium.Cx43 appeared in the form of distinct puncta distributed on ganglion cell.

结果：正常视网膜内界膜，视神经纤维层以及神经节细胞层明显表达，神经节细胞表达的主要位置是细胞质和细胞膜，色素上皮细胞全层表达，内外颗粒层及内外层状层无表达。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失