无电荷的

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

Starting from the classical motion equation of a nondissipative mesoscopic inductive coupling circuit with source , the quantum fluctuation of the charge and current of the coupled circuit with source is evaluated in excitation state of squeezed vacuum state, and the results are discussed.

从无耗散的含源电感耦合电路的经典运动方程出发，在压缩真空态的激发态下求解了耦合电路电荷和电流的量子涨落，并对结果进行了讨论。

The calculation of dipole moment by MEEM The dipole moment is a physical quantity, which can indicate the charge distribution of the molecule. The value of dipole moment can be conferred from the situation of the molecular symmetry, and vice versa.

偶极矩是表示分子中电荷分布情况的物理量，可以由分子的对称性推测分子有无偶极矩，也可由分子有无偶极矩及偶极矩的大小了解分子结构的信息。

For example, polarizability can be approximated by the introduction of induced dipoles; it can also be represented by Drude particles , or massless, charge-carrying virtual sites attached by a springlike harmonic potential to each polarizable atom.

例如极化可引入偶极以近似，它也能由 Drude 粒子或者无质量表现，实质上的极化原子电荷点位赋予弹簧似的谐势能。

The subregular solution model and the modified version of Toop's method are expected to be suitable for calculating a series of assymetric ternary molten salt systems of potential interests, such as NaCl-CaCl_2-BaCl_2,NaCl-SrCl_2-BaCl_2,NaCl-CaCl_2-MgCl_2,KCl-CaCl_2- MgCl_2,KCl-NaCl-CeCl_3 and so on.

亚正规溶液模型和新的非对称方法可望适合于计算一系列有潜在重要性的电荷不对称熔盐体系的相图。如对 Na，Ti，Mg，Ce 电解及熔融氯化脱水制取无水氯化镁有实际意义的 NaCl-CaCl_2-BaCl_2，NaCl-SrCl_2-BaCl_2，NaCl-CaCl_2-MgCl_2，KCl-CaCl_2-MgCl_2，KCl-NaCl-CeCl_3等三元相图。

It might be due to unpolar solvent C6D6 disfavoring the charge separation of CTC, leading to no ion radical and no polarization either.

非极性溶剂C6D6不利于CTC的电荷分离，不能形成离子自由基对中间体，因此无极化现象。

Modern cylinder pressure acquisition system is deeply affected by the advanced computer hardware technology. A/D card with the capabilities of high resolution, high sampling rate, non discrepancy and setting sampling rate at will is combined with a lot of excellent measuring equipment such as crank shaft angle encoder, charge amplifier, industrial control computer, etc.

高速发展的计算机硬件技术深刻影响着现代气缸压力数据采集系统的发展，高分辨率、高采集率、多通道、无相差和可以任意设定采样频率等特性的A/D板卡及一大批性能优越的相关测试仪器如转角信号发生器、电荷放大器、工控计算机等。

In the wind environment with and without dust, the flashover voltage of flat plate model, Uf, increases with the increment of the wind. This increase trend becomes slow when the wind increase to be 4.5m/s. Also, the influence of the charge of sand dust on Uf is small. In the condition of sand dust deposited on flat plate model, there is a minimum value of Uf with the increase of the density of the deposited sand dust. Besides, the flashover voltage of the dust is influenced by the moisture of the dust.

得到了风沙速度、风沙带电量、沙粒沉积量及沙粒含水量等因素对沿面放电的影响规律；在有风有沙和有风无沙时，平板模型沿面闪络电压Uf随风速的增大而增大，当风速达到4.5 m/s后增大趋势变缓；Uf受沙尘的电荷量影响较小；当干沙粒沉积在绝缘表面时，随着沉积密度的增加，Uf存在着极小值；同时，平板模型的闪络电压还与沉积沙粒的含水量有关。

SF and collagen films were treated by negative corona discharge, homothermal surface potential decay was tested to detect the charge stability. Result showed circums- tance humidity influenced severely the surface charge stability. There were polar groups on the surface after corona discharge, and hydrogen bonds existed between these groups. On the other hand, ATR-FTIR analysis indicated the conformation transition of SF was induced by strong electric field and a part of random coil conformation was converted into β-sheet structure.

采用自制的负电晕极化装置对丝素、胶原膜进行了表面处理，等温表面电位衰减法测试材料在不同环境中表面电位的变化，发现环境湿度对材料表面电荷稳定性的影响较大；XPS光谱分析表明材料表面有极性基团产生，这些基团之间有可能会形成氢键，同时ATR-FTIR分析表明丝素的构象在强电场的作用下发生了变化，由无规线团转变为β折叠结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。