无生的

Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, estipulate, veins mostly pinnate, sometimes palmate, margin usually entire, rarely lobed or denticulate.

叶互生，很少对生，无托叶，多数羽状脉，有时掌状脉，边缘通常全缘，很少分裂的或者有小齿。

Bulb covered with a tunic. Leaves sessile, very rarely narrowed into a petiole, with a closed leaf sheath at base, linear, linear-lanceolate, or lorate to orbicular-ovate, cross section flat, angled, or semiterete to terete, fistulose or solid.

叶无柄，极少缩小到一叶柄，具一关闭的叶鞘在基部，线形，线状披针形，花葶顶生或侧生，具鞘或裸露。

Stem leaves opposite, abaxially green; stems white villous or glabrescent to glabrous.

茎生叶对生，背面的绿色；茎白色长柔毛或后脱落到无毛。

Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, petiolate or subsessile; leaf blade flattened, slightly succulent, linear, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, triangular, rhombic, or hastate, margin serrate, rarely entire.

叶互生，很少对生，叶具柄或近无柄；扁平的叶片，稍肉质，线形，披针形，长圆形，卵形，三角形，菱形，或戟形，边缘有锯齿，很少全缘。

Female flowers pedicellate; bracteoles several, imbricate; tepals 4-6, decussate or 3 segments verticillate; interstylar nectaries or nectariferous tissue lacking; ovary 2- or 3-locular; styles 2 or 3, short, erect initially, later curved; stigma decurrent.

雌花有花梗；小苞片数枚，成鳞状；花被片4-6，交互对生或者3 枚轮生；内花柱蜜腺或分泌蜜汁的组织无；子房室2或3；花柱2或3，短，直立最初，过后弯曲；柱头下延。

Flowers perfect, in sessile or peduncled heads, solitary in axils of bracts.

完全花，生在无梗或具柄的头状花序，单生在苞片腋处。

Leaves alternate or partly opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate, flat.

部分的叶互生或对生，无梗或具短叶柄，平。

Ovary superior; carpels 2, connate, stalked, 1-loculed, glabrous or piliferous, placentation parietal; ovules 2 to numerous, anatropous; style 1, hairy; stigma capitate, shallowly lobed.

子房上位。心皮2，合生，柄，1，具毛的无毛或，侧膜胎座；胚珠2到多数，倒生；花柱1，有毛；柱头头状，浅裂。

Long branch is rufous, show "" the glyph bends, smooth, have stipular thorn or not apparent; Short branch is born in the each other on the long branch of biennial above; Fall off sexual rod is finer, without bud, bunch is born on short branch, after autumn and foliaceous all fall.

长枝红褐色，呈&之&字形弯曲，光滑，有托叶刺或不明显；短枝在二年生以上的长枝上互生；脱落性小枝较纤细，无芽，簇生于短枝上，秋后与叶俱落。

Flowers unisexual, on same plant or not, sessile, clustered at axils and at apex, in solitary or complex thyrsoid structures; each flower with 1 bract and 2 bracteoles, scarious.

与否单性的花，在相同植株上，无梗，簇生在腋和在先端，在单生或复合聚伞圆锥花序结构；每花具1苞片和2小苞片，干膜质。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。