无生的

Female flowers solitary or several and male mixed in axillary cluster; pedicels 2-6 cm; calyx yellow-green, 6-lobed; sepals slightly thick, biseriate, outer obovate or subspatulate, ovate-elliptic, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, inner shorter, obovate, ca. 5 mm, with purple stripes; disk absent; pistil depressed globose, ca. 2 × 2.7 mm, 3-locular; styles 3, bifid at apex, arms recurved.

雌花单生或数个雌花和雄花在腋生簇束里混生；花梗2-6厘米；花萼黄绿色，6裂；萼片稍厚， 2列，外部倒卵形或近匙形，卵状椭圆形， 6-7 * 3-4 毫米，内部的短，倒卵形，长约5毫米，有紫色条纹；花盘无；雌蕊扁球形，约2×2.7毫米，3室；花柱3，在先端2裂，裂片下弯。

In the exploitatation and utilization of Bromus stamineus, we must take the different sowing methods and plant densities into account. They have heavy influences on the forage especially in terms of the forage growth. The salt, temperature and water are important factors that affect the seeds germination,which deciding the germination time and germination place.we designed four temperature (15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃) and NaCl density(0.3%,0.6%,0.9%,1.2%) and PEG density(0.126g/gwater,0.186 g/gwater,0.232 g/gwater,0.270 g/gwater).

引进美国无芒雀麦是农业部948项目&旱生灌草植物资源的引进及开发利用&的引进草种之一，为了合理开发和利用它，本论文对引进无芒雀麦和本地无芒雀麦的种子萌发、田间种植和栽培技术3个方面进行了对比研究，比较了两种无芒雀麦生长特性；结合方差分析，确定了引进美国无芒雀麦种子萌发指标和栽培技术指标。

Fertile stamens 3, on 1 side, 2 inserted opposite sepals, 1 opposite petal; filaments glabrous; staminodes 3; antherodes 4-lobed, butterflylike.

能育雄蕊3，在1 边，2着生与萼片对生，1与花瓣对生上；花丝无毛退化雄蕊3； 4裂的退化花药，蝴蝶状。

Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate.

叶基生和茎生，互生，无梗，线形的到线状披针形。

Leaves opposite. Corymbs short pedunculate or sessile, axillary, often fascicled.

叶对生 伞房花序短的有花序梗或者无柄，腋生，经常是簇生。

Male flowers: sepals mostly 5, imbricate to valvate, free; petals 5, smaller or nearly equal to sepals; disk glandular, usually 5, and opposite sepals; stamens 10-20; filaments free, inflexed in bud; anthers muticous; pistillode absent.

雄花： 多数的萼片5，覆瓦状到镊合状，离生；花瓣5，小或近等长于萼片；花盘具腺，通常5，与萼片对生；雄蕊10-20；花丝离生，在芽中内折；花药钝；无退化雌蕊。

Bisexual flowers: stamens 1 or 3, inserted on 1 side of ovary; filaments inconspicuous; connectives conspicuous, if stamens 3, connectives connate at base or free; anthers 1- or 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent; pistil 1, 1-carpelled; ovary inferior, 1-loculed; ovule 1, pendulous, orthotropous; style short or absent.

两性花：雄蕊1或者3，在子房的1侧着生；花丝不显著；药隔显著，如果雄蕊3，药隔在基部合生或离生；室花药1或2，纵向开裂；雌蕊1，1心皮；子房下位，1室；胚珠1，下垂，；花柱短或无。

Male flowers: pedicel articulated at base; sepals 5, free, valvate, initially curved around stamens, later reflexed; petals and disk absent; stamens 5, free, inserted at bases of sepals; filaments short; anthers larger, thecae 2, parallel, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal; pistillode short and broad, peltate.

雄花 花梗有节在基部；萼片5，离生，镊合状，最初在雄蕊周围弯曲，后反折；花瓣和花盘无；雄蕊5，离生，着生在萼片的基部；花丝短；花药大，囊2，平行，内向，纵裂；退化雌蕊短和宽，盾形。

Sometimes armed with stinging hairs; epidermal cells of leaves, sometimes stems, perianths mostly with prominent cystoliths punctiform to linear; Leaves alternate or opposite, stipules present, rarely absent; leaf blade simple. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, racemose, spicate, or cluster-capitate, usually formed from glomerules, sometimes crowded on common enlarged cuplike or discoid receptacle, rarely reduced into a single flower. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual in partial flowers; actinomorphic, very small,(1-)4- or 5-merous, rarely perianth absent in female flowers.

有时具有蛰毛的刺；叶的表皮细胞，有时茎和花被的表皮细胞大部分有显著的点状或线形的乳状体；叶互生或者对生，托叶有，很少无；单叶花序聚伞状，圆锥状，总状，穗状，或者丛生头状花序，花单性，部分花两性；辐射对称，小，(1-)4-或者5瓣，很少在雌花内无花被。

Basal leaves rosulate, persistent; petiole to 6 cm; leaf blade oblong or oblong-spatulate, rarely linear-oblong,(0.3-)0.6-1.7(-1.9) cm × 1.5-4 mm, densely tomentose with 4-6-rayed stellate trichomes 1 or more rays of which forked or with a lateral branch on each side, base attenuate or cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Cauline leaves absent or rarely 1, sessile; leaf blade oblong, tomentose as basal leaves, margin entire, apex obtuse.

基生叶莲座状，宿存；叶柄长达6厘米；叶片长圆形或长圆形匙形，很少线状长圆形，(0.3-)0.6-1.7(-1.9)厘米×-4毫米，密被绒毛具4-6伞辐星状毛1或更多伞辐那分叉或具侧枝在每边，茎生叶缺席的或很少1，无柄；叶片长圆形，象基生叶一样被绒毛，边缘全缘，先端钝。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。