无生的

Except Yuanqi , all things had form, boundary, sideand beginning and end.

他认为天地万物都是有形有象的，而作为宇宙本原的元气，则是无形无象的；宇宙间的具体事物都是有固定的属性，也要受到其他物的限制，而元气则是"混全之称"；一切具体事物都是有生有灭的，而元气则是无始无终、无生无灭的；元气的运动变化，聚散化生并不影响元气的总量，正如能量守恒定律一样；性也为元气所固有。

Flowers axillary or terminal on branchlets, decussate or whorled; peduncle absent; pedicel short to nearly absent.

在小枝，交互对生的或轮生上的花腋生或顶生；花序梗无花梗短到近无。

Leaves densely verticillate, subverticillate, or decussate, sessile, margin entire; stipules absent. Inflorescences axillary on upper part of branchlets, 1–3-flowered; bracts (2–)4 or 5(or 6), scalelike.

叶密被轮生，近轮生的，或交互对生，无梗，边缘全缘；托叶无花序腋生在小枝上半部分上的，1-3花的；苞片(2-)4或5，鳞片状。

Of or relating to geologic periods that precede the appearance of ''.

无生的''。'生命'。''出现之前的地质时期的或与''。

He made no clear distinction between animate and inanimate things.

他对有生的和无生的东西缺乏明确的辨别。

Petals [3 or]4 or 5[-8], fascicles each with many to few stamens with filaments almost free to completely united, or ± completely connate , with anthers 1, 2, 4 or many-celled, basifixed or variously united; fasciclodes 4 or 5, antisepalous and free or ± united or absent; pistillode present or absent.

花瓣 [3或者 ]4或5 [-8]，每束簇具很多到少数花丝几乎离生到完全合生的雄蕊，或花丝多少完全合生的，具花药1，2，4或很多，基着或各种地合生；下位腺体4或者5，对萼和离生或者多少合生或无；退化雌蕊宿存或无。

The differentiation states of costae indicates the ways they absorb and transport water, and their ability adapting to the dry conditions, which was elucidated by the following examples: Brachythecium plumosum, because of its thin cell-walls in the costae and the absence of hydrome, assistant and steroid cells, can absorb water and nutrition under shady and moist conditions; Plagiomnium rostratum, though often grows in shady and wet condition, has hydrome and steroid cells, a feature similar to those of xeric mosses, which endows it to grow in the conditions with periodical drought stress during its life cycle; Hygrohypnum luridum is characterized by its slender leaves with only one layer of cells, the thin cell-walls, the absence of filaments on the leaf surface, and the fewer layer cells in the costae, the absence of hydrome and steroid cells. These features make it adaptable to aquatic environments. For Pogonatum inflexum and Atrichum undulatum, their ventral surfaces covered with lamella, while for Racomitrium japonicum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Macromitrium ferriei, Diphyscium fulvifolium, Barbula unguiculata and Ceratodon purpureus, their leaves are strongly mammillose or papillos. Such appendiculate structures made them adaptable to thy conditions.

例如，荫湿生环境下的羽枝青藓Brachythecium plumosum，其中肋细胞胞壁较薄，无导水主细胞和副细胞的分化，也没有厚壁细胞分化，能够在阴湿环境下吸收水分和养分；钝叶匍灯藓Plagiomnium rostratum具有与旱生藓类植物相似的中肋结构，叶片较厚，中肋具导水主细胞，中肋背面具厚壁细胞，这些特点使该种藓类植物能够分布于间隙性干旱胁迫的环境中；水灰藓Hygrohypnum luridum叶片纤细柔弱，仅1层细胞，细胞胞壁薄，叶表无附属结构，中肋细胞层数少，无导水主细胞分化，也没有厚壁细胞，这些特点使得水灰藓'能够生长在水生环境中；东亚小金发藓Pogonatum inflerum和波叶仙鹤藓Atrichum undulatum的叶腹面覆盖着栉片，东亚砂藓Racomitrium japonicum、大羽藓Thuidium cymbifolium、福氏蓑藓Macromitrium ferriei、东亚短颈藓Diphyscium fuhifolium、扭口藓Barbula unguiculata和角齿藓Ceratodon purpureus的叶片表面有乳头状突起或疣状物，这些附属结构使它们能够适应于旱生的环境中。

Male flowers in apical part of inflorescences, small, yellow, 5-9-fascicled in axil of bracts, with distinct pedicel; pistillode absent; calyx membranous, cupular-shaped, shallowly 2-lobed; petals and disk absent; stamens 2; filaments free; anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent.

雄花在花序的顶部生，小，黄，5-9簇生在苞片腋，具离生的花梗；无退化雌蕊。花萼膜质，杯状，浅2裂；花瓣和花盘无；雄蕊2；花丝离生花药2室，纵向开裂。

Leaves opposite along stem and/or in a whorl at base, subsessile; stipules absent. Flowers axillary and/or terminal, solitary or in pedunculate umbel-like cymes which sometimes rebranch to form irregular compound umbels, 4-merous, white or yellow, rarely pale blue. Calyx campanulate, 2--4-lobed; lobes valvate.

叶对生沿茎和在一轮生的在基部，近无柄；无托叶腋生的花和/或顶生，在有花序梗内的单生或象伞形花序一样聚伞花序哪个有时形成不规则复合伞形花序，4瓣，花萼钟状，有叶2-4；裂片镊合状排列。

Leaves alternate or opposite to whorled, usually clustered at apices of branches; petiole very short to absent; leaf blade linear or linear-oblanceolate, 0.8-1 × 0.15-0.25 cm, leathery or subleathery, abaxially densely gray sericeous when young, adaxially sericeous or glabrous, base cuneate, margin strongly revolute, apex apiculate; veins obscure.

叶互生或对生到轮生，通常在枝先端簇生；叶柄非常短到无；叶片线形的或线形倒披针形， 0.8-1 * 0.15-0.25 厘米，革质或近革质，背面密被灰色幼时，正面无毛的被绢毛或无毛，基部楔形，强烈外卷的边缘，先端具细尖；脉不明显。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。