无牙

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite has favorable biocompatibility, can protect pulp tissue and promote the formation of osteoid dentin and the concrescence of pulp tissue.

背景：羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物相容性，可保护牙髓组织，促进骨样牙本质的形成和牙髓组织的愈合，但无抗感染能力。

Results:The treatment of 52 tooth-veneers had been finished within one day.After six months to one year and a half follow-up,one case veneer lost after two months,two cases occured hypersensitiveness of dentin and one case veneer fractured in incisal edge,the others were kept normally without any changes in shades and contour.

结果：52颗患牙均一次完成治疗，随访6个月～1.5 a.1颗牙2个月后脱落重贴；2颗在切端有牙本质过敏现象，经脱敏治疗恢复正常；1颗切端折裂，以光固化复合树脂修复；其余均正常使用，色泽、形态均无变化。

The teeth and carry it in its paper strength should be unanimous, Zhang arterious into accurate, between two teeth, handing over paper, there must be enough of a total of between one time to ensure that effective control of the paper, the drum and dental axis to ensure that no movement.

各叼纸牙叼辛给平均不合歧，弛闭进间不确，两牙移交纸弛时，给有不足的共叼工夫，包管不差纸弛的灵验把持，另边各滚筒及牙轴给包管无窜不静本体。

During the development of dental germ, enamel matrix proteins secreted by epithelial root sheath could induce dental follicle cells to differentiate towards cementoblast and form acellular cementum finally on the surface of tooth root. Many researches of domestic and oversea scholars suggest that enamel matrix proteins could effectively induce periodontal regeneration, and the structure and function of this regenerated tissue are similar to healthy periodontal tissue. Moreover, the regeneration process is nearly the same to that of embryonic development of periodontal tissue.

自发现釉基质蛋白可诱使牙囊细胞向成牙骨质细胞方向分化并在根表面形成无细胞性牙骨质以来，国内外学者做了大量研究，结果表明釉基质蛋白能有效诱导牙周组织的再生，且这种再生组织的结构和功能更接近于健康的牙周组织，并且再生过程也与牙周组织的胚胎发育过程类似。

Results:Atrophied ridge group had lower bone density of mandibular angle and coxofemoral region than well-rounded ridge group and dentate controls; Well-rounded ridge group had lower bone density of mandibular angle than dentate controls,but there was no difference of BMD of coxofemoral region between these two groups.

结果：非丰满组下颌角和髋部骨密度显著低于丰满组和有牙颌对照组；丰满组髋部骨密度与有牙颌对照组差异无显著性，下颌角骨密度则显著低于有牙颌对照组。

It is difficult to restore the large defect of pulpless tooth body. The dentinal peg and root canal peg filling were used before, which needed specialized instrumnets and materials.

无髓牙牙体大面积缺损的修复是比较困难的，主要有牙本质钉、根管钉桩核等修复方法，均需要专门的工具器械和材料。

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The course of treatment was 10.4 months, and the velocity of mandibular second molar mesializing was 0.8 mm per month, with 8.5 mm in mesiodistal direction, there was no changes in the vertical direction.

结果与结论：疗程10.4个月，下颌第二磨牙平均移动速度为0.8 mm/月；平均近中移动8.5 mm，垂直向没有变化；磨牙长轴向远中倾斜角度为2.5°，下颌中切牙位置无改变。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

The follow-up periods were various from 6m to 21m. The apical MTA barrier technique was used to manage pulpless permanent teeth with incomplete root formation. The postoperative radiographs showed complete repair of periradicular tissue in 5 of 7 teeth and improvement obviously in other 2 teeth. Only one case (1 tooth) had a 3mm periodontal pocket in four perforation repair cases. The lesion at the perforation sites was improved obviously.

追踪观察时间为6-21月。4例穿孔修补的病例，均为延迟修补，除一例为根尖1／3处的病理性吸收外，其余患牙的穿孔部位位于牙根的冠1／3或根分叉处，一例6m复查时有3mm的牙周袋形成，其余患牙骨吸收暗影均明显缩小。7例根尖发育不全并无髓牙的病例均为成人，5例根尖暗影完全消失，2例明显缩小。

Methods: We established an experimental model of rat molars pulpitis, used homemade Calcium hydroxide compound as pulp-cap in pulpotomy of rats' teeth, Calvital and blank were det as the control groups. Forty rats' teeth in each group were observed using light microscope 4 and 12 weeks after pulpotomy.

建立大鼠早期牙髓炎的模型，应用自制氢氧化钙复合制剂作为鼠牙牙髓切断术的盖髓剂，以calvital作对照组及无盖髓剂作为空白对照组。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。