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During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Ladies up Up in here tonight No fighting, no fighting We got the refugees up in here No fighting, no fighting Shakira, Shakira I never really knew that she could dance like this She makes a man wants to speak Spanish Como se llama, bonita, mi casa, su casa Shakira, Shakira Oh baby when you talk like that You make a woman go mad So be wise and keep on Reading the signs of my body And I'm on tonight You know my hips don't lie And I'm starting to feel it's right All the attraction, the tension Don't you see baby, this is perfection Hey Girl, I can see your body moving And it's driving me crazy And I didn't have the slightest idea Until I saw you dancing And when you walk up on the dance floor Nobody cannot ignore the way you move your body, girl And everything so unexpected - the way you right and left it So you can keep on taking it I never really knew that she could dance like this She makes a man want to speak Spanish Como se llama, bonita, mi casa, su casa Shakira, Shakira Oh baby when you talk like that You make a woman go mad So be wise and keep on Reading the signs of my body And I'm on tonight You know my hips don't lie And I am starting to feel you boy Come on lets go, real slow Don't you see baby asi es perfecto Oh I know I am on tonight my hips don't lie And I am starting to feel it's right All the attraction, the tension Don't you see baby, this is perfection Shakira, Shakira Oh boy, I can see your body moving Half animal, half man I don't, don't really know what I'm doing But you seem to have a plan My will and self restraint Have come to fail now, fail now See, I am doing what I can, but I can't so you know That's a bit too hard to explain Baila en la calle de noche Baila en la calle de día Baila en la calle de noche Baila en la calle de día I never really knew that she could dance like this She makes a man want to speak Spanish Como se llama, bonita, mi casa, su casa Shakira, Shakira Oh baby when you talk like that You know you got me hypnotized So be wise and keep on Reading the signs of my body Senorita, feel the conga, let me see you move like you come from Colombia Mira en Barranquilla se baila así, say it!

不会说谎女士们今夜在这里舞动起来没有是非没有争斗我们在这里舞动起来没有是非没有争斗我从未意识她能如此欢快的跳舞人们纷纷说起西班牙语你的名字是？美丽的我的家他的家哦宝贝当你这样说话的时候人们为你如此着迷所以用你的智慧继续细读我的舞蹈于是今夜我欢快的跳舞你知道我的舞蹈不会说谎于是我开始感觉到这一刻所有的吸引所有的不安你看见了吗这便是完美嗨女孩我能看见你舞动的身影于是我着迷于是我迷失直到看见你在跳舞当你舞动的脚步划过地面所有人都为你而注目女孩让人意想不到-忽左而忽右所以请继续跳吧我从未意识她能如此欢快的跳舞人们纷纷说起西班牙语你的名字是？美丽的我的家他的家哦宝贝当你这样说话的时候人们为你如此着迷所以用你的智慧继续细读我的舞蹈于是今夜我欢快的跳舞你知道我的舞蹈不会说谎于是我开始感觉到你的存在来吧让我们一起慢慢的舞动你看见了吗这便是完美哦我知道今夜我正欢快的跳舞我的舞蹈不会说谎于是我开始感觉到这一刻所有的吸引所有的不安你看见了吗这便是完美哦男孩我能看见你舞动的身影如梦如幻我不确定自己在做什么但是你却不同我的意志我的约束现在开始失去开始失去看我正做我能做的但却无法做到你知道这似乎太难解释他在夜晚的街道上跳舞他在白天的街道上跳舞他在夜晚的街道上跳舞他在白天的街道上跳舞我从未意识她能如此欢快的跳舞人们纷纷说起西班牙语你的名字是？

Because of the limitation of the times, the advantage theory did not recognize the importance of tacitness of knowledge, the source of knowledge and accumulation effect of knowledge. It did not reflect the function that the enterprises possess to transfer the tacit knowledge efficiently and the impact of knowledge on FDI. The role of subsidiaries of creation of knowledge is neglected. It did not give enough explanations to the overseas investment of small and medium-sized enterprises.

但是由于时代的局限性，垄断优势论对知识的隐含本质、知识的来源和知识的累积效应缺乏足够的认识，使得这个理论没有反映出企业所拥有的并擅长的进行隐性知识转移的功能，忽视了子公司在知识创造中的作用，没有充分考虑到对外直接投资的知识效应，并且无法对中小企业海外投资进行有效的解释。

The fishes which dwell therein are quaint and strange; their huge heads, prodigious jaws, and long tails and tentacles are, as it were, gross exaggerations of the common and conventional forms. We look in vain for any purposeful cause or physiological explanation of these enormities; and are left under a vague impression that life has been going on in the security of all but perfect equilibrium, and that the resulting forms, liberated from many ordinary constraints, have grown with unusual freedom.

生活在深海的鱼类长得很奇特有趣，它们有巨大的头，很大的嘴巴、很长的尾巴与触角，长得就是一副标准的夸张模样，我们无法给予这些奇特夸张任何果断的原因或生理上的解释，只能对於这些生命在几近完美平衡的安全中持续，以及从一般限制中解放并独特自由生长的形体，徒留一丝模糊的印象。

Based on these, an improving μ-synthesis is presented, with which the high-purity distillation is designed well. 2. The robust performance problem of MIMO plant is explained with the plant direction angle, which shows that the robust performance varies with different input uncertainties and the μ-synthesis should be applied correctly according to the uncertainty structure. 3. Condition number and bandwidth are the important items for robust performance design in MIMO system. The H〓 two-block problems can not deal with the robust performance design of MIMO system because of the condition number cancellation. A general μ-synthesis procedure for MIMO system with uncertainties is presented. 4. For the SISO system, the object function in robust performance is amplified by at most 〓 than that of H〓 two-block problems in value: So the robust performance of SISO system can be done with the H〓 two-block problems to avoid the complicated μ-synthesis procedure. 5. All the conclusions and methods presented in this paper are demonstrated by some typical design examples.

从而形成一种改进的μ综合方去，并对精馏塔病态对象进行了鲁棒性能设计，得到令人满意的结果；（2）利用对象的方向角解释了MIMO对象鲁棒性能设计出现问题的原因，并提出不同输入摄动形式下系统的鲁棒性能问题也并不相同，因此利用μ综合处理鲁棒性能设计时，应根据不同的摄动情况采用不同的结构进行设计：（3）条件数问题和带宽问题是MIMO系统鲁棒性能设计的两个主要问题，指出由于条件数对消的存在使得一般H〓两块问题无法处理MIMO系统的鲁棒性能设计，而μ综合方法则是处理MIMO系统鲁棒性能设计的有效方法，并给出了其处理MIMO系统鲁棒性能设计的一般性方法；（4）提出对于SISO系统H〓两块问题（S/T问题、S/KS问题）的设计指标函数与鲁棒性能设计的μ指标函数在数值上最大差〓倍，因此对于一般SISO系统的鲁棒性能设计可以简单地用一般的H〓的两块问题处理，而避免μ综合设计的复杂过程；（5）本文中提出的结论和算法都利用H〓/μ发展中的典型例子：Doyle-Stein问题，Safonov的战斗机模型，精馏塔对象等进行了设计验证。

Add to this double apprehension, the mystery that still hung over the behaviour of my friends; their unexplained desertion of the stockade; their inexplicable cession of the chart; or harder still to understand, the doctor's last warning to Silver, 'Look out for squalls when you find it;' and you will readily believe how little taste I found in my breakfast, and with how uneasy a heart I set forth behind my captors on the quest for treasure.

除了这双重的担忧，我的朋友们所采取的行动对我来说始终是个谜：他们为什么会舍弃这个寨子？为什么要交出地图？这些都无法得到解释，还有大夫对西尔弗提出的最后警告：&你们快找到宝藏时，可别大喊大叫的。&读者如果设身处地替我想想，就很容易理解，我吃的早饭为什么味同嚼蜡，为什么跟在海盗们后面出发探宝时会心惊胆颤。

Add to this double apprehension, the mystery that still hung over the behaviour of my friends; their unexplained desertion of the stockade; their inexplicable cession of the chart; or harder still to understand, the doctors last warning to Silver, 'Look out for squalls when you find it; and you will readily believe how little taste I found in my breakfast, and with how uneasy a heart I set forth behind my captors on the quest for treasure.

除了这双重的担忧，我的朋友们所采取的行动对我来说始终是个谜：他们为什么会舍弃这个寨子？为什么要交出地图？这些都无法得到解释，还有大夫对西尔弗提出的最后警告：&你们快找到宝藏时，可别大喊大叫的。&读者如果设身处地替我想想，就很容易理解，我吃的早饭为什么味同嚼蜡，为什么跟在海盗们后面出发探宝时会心惊胆颤。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。