无欲望的

What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one. Orwell feared those who would deprive us of information. Huxley feared those who would give us so much that we would be reduced to passivity and egoism. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us. Huxley feared the truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance. Orwell feared we would become a captive culture. Huxley feared we would become a trivial culture, preoccupied with some equivalent of the feelies, the orgy porgy, and the centrifugal bumblepuppy.

奥威尔害怕的是那些强行禁书的人，赫胥黎担心的是失去任何禁书的理由，因为再也没有人愿意读书；奥威尔害怕的是那些剥夺我们信息的人，赫胥黎担心的是人们在汪洋如海的信息中日益变得被动和自私；奥威尔害怕的是真理被隐瞒，赫胥黎担心的是真理被淹没在无聊烦琐的世事中；奥威尔害怕的是我们的文化成为受制文化，赫胥黎担心的是我们的文化成为充满感官刺激、欲望和无规则游戏的庸俗文化。

It is the autonomous complex that leads the author to go beyond his limitations and to reflect a deeper collective unconsciousness. Faulkner"s novels and their respective themes are closely connected with the inferiority complex caused by American culture, the author"s physique and his living conditions. They are the results of his inferiority complex that accumulates into some kind of superiority complex. Because of the southern Americans special history and politics and his sufferings Faulkner is deeply absorbed in the southern wasteland and invented Yoknapatawpha County, making it a place where he can do whatever he wants to do to counteract the lack in his real life.

第二章从福克纳创作的心理动势出发，对作者的创作发生及其创作的心理轨迹进行跟踪，认为，福克纳的创作中有一种不为创作者的自觉意识所完全控制的直觉领悟的心理倾向，正是这种自主情结引导作者超越个人的局限，遨游于个人利害的范围之外，反映了超个人的、更为深邃的集体无意识，从而创作出了具有永恒艺术生命的作品；福克纳的小说创作及其相关主题的发生，在一定程度上与作者由于在文化、形体以及生活环境等方面的劣势而产生的难以排遣的自卑情结密不可分，是自卑情结积聚成优越情结，进而过分补偿的结果；同时，由于美国南方特殊的历史、政治及福克纳的生活遭际等原因，福克纳在几十年的创作生涯中，情系荒原，创造了约克纳帕塔法县这个精神王国，使之成为自己的精神浪游之地、欲望宣泄之乡和心灵托付之所。

Starting with the developments of the author\'s creation, the dissertation follows up the scent of the occurring of his novels and the\'track of his psychology of creation, holding the opinion that there exists an intuitive psychological tendency in Faulkner\'s creation which the author is not aware of. It is the autonomous complex that leads the author to go beyond his limitations and to reflect a deeper collective unconsciousness.Faulkner\'s novels and their respective themes are closely connected with the inferiority complex caused by American culture, the author\'s physique and his living conditions. They are the results of his inferiority complex that accumulates into some kind of superiority complex.Because of the southern American\'s special history and politics and his sufferings Faulkner is deeply absorbed in the southern wasteland and invented Yoknapatawpha County, making it a place where he can do whatever he wants to do to counteract the lack in his real life. He concerns himself not only in the description of the Southern spiritual wasteland, but also in mining the aesthetic meaning of the wasteland, both to him and to the human beings.

本文首先从作者创作的心理动势出发，对作者的创作发生及其创作的心理轨迹进行跟踪，认为，福克纳的创作中有一种不为创作者的自觉意识所完全控制的直觉领悟的心理倾向，正是这种自主情结引导作者超越个人的局限，遨游于个人利害的范围之外，反映了超个人的、更为深邃的集体无意识，从而创作出了具有永恒艺术生命的作品和崇高的美学景象；福克纳的小说创作及其相关主题的发生，在一定程度上与作者由于在文化、形体以及生活环境等方面的劣势而产生的难以排遣的自卑情结密不可分，是自卑情结积聚成优越情结，进而过分补偿的结果；同时，由于美国南方(来源：A6c8cBC论文网www.abclunwen.com)特殊的历史、政治及福克纳的生活遭际等原因，福克纳在几十年的创作生涯中，情系荒原，创造了约克纳帕塔法县这个精神王国，使之成为自己的精神浪游之地、欲望宣泄之乡和心灵托付之所，其创作动因在于既关注对南方人们精神荒原的描绘，也着眼于挖掘这个荒原世界对自己、对人生的美学意义所在。

Starting with the developments of the author"s creation, the dissertation follows up the scent of the occurring of his novels and the"track of his psychology of creation, holding the opinion that there exists an intuitive psychological tendency in Faulkner"s creation which the author is not aware of. It is the autonomous complex that leads the author to go beyond his limitations and to reflect a deeper collective unconsciousness.Faulkner"s novels and their respective themes are closely connected with the inferiority complex caused by American culture, the author"s physique and his living conditions. They are the results of his inferiority complex that accumulates into some kind of superiority complex.Because of the southern American"s special history and politics and his sufferings Faulkner is deeply absorbed in the southern wasteland and invented Yoknapatawpha County, making it a place where he can do whatever he wants to do to counteract the lack in his real life. He concerns himself not only in the description of the Southern spiritual wasteland, but also in mining the aesthetic meaning of the wasteland, both to him and to the human beings.

本文首先从作者创作的心理动势出发，对作者的创作发生及其创作的心理轨迹进行跟踪，认为，福克纳的创作中有一种不为创作者的自觉意识所完全控制的直觉领悟的心理倾向，正是这种自主情结引导作者超越个人的局限，遨游于个人利害的范围之外，反映了超个人的、更为深邃的集体无意识，从而创作出了具有永恒艺术生命的作品和崇高的美学景象；福克纳的小说创作及其相关主题的发生，在一定程度上与作者由于在文化、形体以及生活环境等方面的劣势而产生的难以排遣的自卑情结密不可分，是自卑情结积聚成优越情结，进而过分补偿的结果；同时，由于美国南方特殊的历史、政治及福克纳的生活遭际等原因，福克纳在几十年的创作生涯中，情系荒原，创造了约克纳帕塔法县这个精神王国，使之成为自己的精神浪游之地、欲望宣泄之乡和心灵托付之所，其创作动因在于既关注对南方人们精神荒原的描绘，也着眼于挖掘这个荒原世界对自己、对人生的美学意义所在。

Cruelty of disposition; malice and ill-nature; that most anti-social and odious of all passions, envy; dissimulation and insincerity, irascibility on insufficient cause, and resentment disproportioned to the provocation; the love of domineering over others; the desire to engross more than one's share of advantages; the pride which derives gratification from the abasement of others; the egotism which thinks self and its concerns more important than everything else, and decides all doubtful questions in its own favour;—these are moral vices, and constitute a bad and odious moral character: unlike the self-regarding faults previously mentioned, which are not properly immoralities, and to whatever pitch they may be carried, do not constitute wickedness.

性情的残忍、狠毒和乖张——这些是所有各种情绪中最反社会性的和最惹人憎恶的东西——妒忌，作伪和不诚实，无充足原因而易暴怒，不称于刺激的愤慨，好压在他人头上，多占分外便宜的欲望，借压低他人来满足的自傲，以"我"及"我"所关的东西为重于一切、并专从对己有利的打算来决定一切可疑问题的唯我主义——所有这一切乃是道德上的邪恶，构成了一个恶劣而令人憎恶的道德性格。这与前节所举只关己身的那些缺点是不一样的。那些缺点正当说来不能算是不道德，不论达到怎样高度也不会构成毒恶。

Cruelty of disposition; malice and ill-nature; that most anti-social and odious of all passions, envy; dissimulation and insincerity, irascibility on insufficient cause, and resentment disproportioned to the provocation; the love of domineering over others; the desire to engross more than one's share of advantages; the pride which derives gratification from the abasement of others; the egotism which thinks self and its concerns more important than everything else, and decides all doubtful questions in its own favour;—these are moral vices, and constitute a bad and odious moral character: unlike the self-regarding faults previously mentioned, which are not properly immoralities, and to whatever pitch they may be carried, do not constitute wickedness.

性情的残忍、狠毒和乖张——这些是所有各种情绪中最反社会性的和最惹人憎恶的东西——妒忌，作伪和不诚实，无充足原因而易暴怒，不称于刺激的愤慨，好压在他人头上，多占分外便宜的欲望，借压低他人来满足的自傲，以&我&及&我&所关的东西为重于一切、并专从对己有利的打算来决定一切可疑问题的唯我主义——所有这一切乃是道德上的邪恶，构成了一个恶劣而令人憎恶的道德性格。这与前节所举只关己身的那些缺点是不一样的。那些缺点正当说来不能算是不道德，不论达到怎样高度也不会构成毒恶。

No inference is here intended that the laws provided by the States against false and defamatory publications should not be enforced; he who has time renders a service to public morals and public tranquility in reforming these abuses by the salutary coercions of the law; but the experiment is noted to prove that, since truth and reason have maintained their ground against false opinions in league with false facts, the press, confined to truth, needs no other legal restraint; the public judgment will correct false reasoning and opinions on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable liberty of the press and its demoralizing licentiousness.

如果仍然有此规则无法限制的不恰之处，则须在公众舆论检查中寻找它的补充。现在我将要履行我的同胞再次召唤我的职责，并将要以他们所认可的那些原则的精神来履行。我无惧于任何可能使我迷途的利益目的；我没有感到任何能引诱我明知是离开公正之途的欲望，但是，人性的弱点和我自身感知的局限将会造成对你们利益有损的错误判断。

And see no end to the landscape,new objects presenting themselves as we advan ce;so,in the commencement of life,we set no bounds to our inclinations.nor to the unrestricted opportunities of grastifying them.we have as yet found no obs tacle,no disposition to flag;and it seems that we can go on so forever.we look round in a new world,full of life,and motion,and ceaseless progress;and feel in ourselves all the vigour and spirit to keep pace with it,and do not foresee from any present symptoms how we shall be left behind in the natural course o f things,decline into old age,and drop into the grave.it is the simplicity,and as it were abstractedness of our feelings in youth,thatidentifie s us with nature ,and(our experience being slight and our passions strong)delu des us into a belief of being immortal like it.our short-lives connexion with existence we fondly flatter ourselves,is an indissoluble and lasting union-a h oneymoon that knows neither coldness,jar,nor separation.as infants smile and s leep,we are rocked in the cradle of our wayward fancies,and lulled into securi ty by the roar of the universe around us0we quaff the cup of life with eager h aste without draining it,instead of which it only overflows the more-objects p ress around us,filling the mind with their magnitude and with the strong of de sires that wait upon them,so that we have no room for the thoughts of death.

此时，但觉好风光应接不暇，而且，前程更有美不胜收的新鲜景致。在这生活的开端，我们听任自己的志趣驰骋，放手给它们一切满足的机会。到此为止，我们还没有碰上过什么障碍，也没有感觉到什么疲惫，因此觉得还可以一直这样向前走去，直到永远。我们看到四周一派新天地——生机盎然，变动不居，日新月异；我们觉得自己活力充盈，精神饱满，可与宇宙并驾齐驱。而且，眼前也无任何迹象可以证明，在大自然的发展过程中，我们自己也会落伍，衰老，进入坟墓。由于年轻人天真单纯，可以说是茫然无知，因而将自己跟大自然划上等号；并且，由于经验少而感情盛，误以为自己也能和大自然一样永世长存。我们一厢情愿，痴心妄想，竟把自己在世上的暂时栖身，当作千古不变、万事长存的结合，好像没有冷淡、争执、离别的密月。像婴儿带着微笑入睡，我们躺在用自己编织成的摇篮里，让大千世界的万籁之声催哄我们安然入梦；我们急切切，兴冲冲地畅饮生命之杯，怎么也不会饮干，反而好像永远是满满欲溢；森罗万象纷至沓来，各种欲望随之而生，使我们腾不出工夫想死亡。

If thou workest at that which is before thee, following right reason seriously, vigorously, calmly, without allowing anything else to distract thee, but keeping thy divine part pure, as if thou shouldst be bound to give it back immediately; if thou holdest to this, expecting nothing, fearing nothing, but satisfied with thy present activity according to nature, and with heroic truth in every word and sound which thou utterest, thou wilt live happy.

当你做摆在你面前的工作时，你要认真地遵循正确的理性，精力充沛，宁静致远，不分心于任何别的事情，而保持你神圣的部分纯净，仿佛你必定要直接把它归还似的；若你坚持这一点，无所欲望亦无所畏惧，满足于你现在合乎本性的活动，满足于你说出的每个词和音节中的勇敢的真诚，你就能生存得幸福。

If thou workest at which is before thee, following right reason seriously, vigorously, calmly, without allowing anything else to distract thee, but keeping thy divine part pure, as if thou shouldst be bound to give it back immediately; if thou holdest to this, expecting nothing, fearing nothing, but satisfied with thy present activity according to nature, and with heroic truth in every word and sound which thou utterest, thou wilt live happy.

当你做摆在你面前的工作时，你要认真地遵循正确的理性，精力充沛，宁静致远，不分心于任何别的事情；而且保持你那原本神圣的部分纯净，就像你必须要直接把它归还似的；若你坚持这一点，无所欲望以无所畏惧，满足于你现在合乎本性的活动，满足于你说出的每个词和音节中的勇敢的真诚，你就能生存得幸福。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。