无根的

When the aphasic and rootless generation becomes aware that they can in no way communicate with plants, they are doomed to experiencing the once warm feeling of the earth that has been distorted beyond recognition today in the process of "recalling the past suffering and happiness". The shaded pains have thus become an impulse to write. That is when the novelist, who claims that his earliest dream specialty is in "botanical gardening", began to build his own avant-garde world of fantasy.

当他们意识到自己根本无法和植物对话，失语无根的一代注定只能在"忆苦思甜"中感受面目全非的土地曾经温暖的气息，这被遮蔽的痛苦就逐渐衍变为写作的冲动－－这位自称自己最初的专业理想是"园林"的小说家从此开始建构属於自己的先锋梦幻世界。

Hairy roots were induced from tobacco leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA1334 harboring agropin type PRil855 and binary vector PIG121HM carrying a kanamycin resistant gene nptll and GUS gene and the good hairy root clones were selected. The root with many root hairs and branches grew vigorously toward all the direction on MS medium without plant hormone and on kanamyain containing medium (km:30mg/L). The structure of the hairy root tip is different from that of ordinary root. Witch was not typical root cap maybe the main cause of losing the geotropism of hairy root. Plantlet regenerated from hairy root when cultured on Ms medium without plant hormone. The nicotine content of the hairy root was little higher than that in the natural roots.

本研究通过发根农杆菌工程菌LBA1334(含有野生型pRi1855质粒和pIG121HM双元载体质粒，编码NPTⅡ基因和GUS基因)转化烟草沙姆逊，获得了具有卡那霉素抗性烟草发状根，并筛选出良好的单克隆株系，该发状根具有典型的发状根特性(多根毛、多分支、在无激素培养基上快速生长)，通过根尖压片分析，烟草发状根不具备典型的根冠；发状根中烟碱含量1.61％稍高于与天然栽培品种母体根的含量(1.5％左右)，发状根向培养液中释放烟碱，释放量最多时占总烟碱量的81.1％；在无激素的培养基上获得了再生植株。

Contemporary China's society is a society of structural change and structural weightlessness loss of society, in which lot of life experiences and cultural awareness we had had have disappeared. We have been unconsciously re-created, but we still can not cure the pain in heart: a sense of rootlessness has become the general psychological symptoms, since the past no longer exists and all the new changes are still pregnant.

当代中国是一种结构性变化与结构性失重的社会，许多我们曾经拥有的生活经验和文化认知都消失了，我们在不知不觉中已经被重新塑造，但是我们仍然不能抹平内心的楚痛：过去的一切不再拥有，新的仍在变动之中，无根的感觉成为普遍的心理征候。

Chapter 2 centres around the spiritual contents of her works. It penetrates through the skin to their core, that is, the tragic sense. Her works take the most ordinary people as characters. Unexpectable elements befall on these people, change their fate considerably. The helplessness of being fooled by destiny overshadows most of her works, leaving readers sign in vain. Then, her portrayal of characters bears a tinge of rootlessness, unsteadiness loneliness, filling the works with deep pensive mood. And finally, she exposes the ugliness of man from this covering of brilliance. Man dares not face his true being. What he shows and sees of himself tends to be his bright side. But his ugly side steels out, which gives himself a deadly blow.

第二章围绕作品的精神内蕴展开论述，侧重于由表及里的层层挖掘，悲剧意识构成王安忆作品精神内蕴的核心，其作品多写芸芸众生，在展现这些人的人生际遇时，难以预料的偶然因素总是改变着他们的命运，宿命感使作品笼罩在虚无的阴影之中，令人怅然；其次作家在写人物时，那种无根的漂泊感、孤独感，使作品有着深深的悲凉意蕴；再次就是对隐藏在绚烂表象之下的人的丑陋本质的发现，人总是无法面对自己真实的存在，看到的或表现出的总是冠冕堂皇的一面，但是那丑陋的一面总会在不经意中呈现出来，给人以毁灭的打击。

Especially,the subbranch of enterobacteriaceace made again four small branches as genus taxon.This tree also shows that bacilliform bacterium is distinct from each other in the NJ and MP trees.After all species on the tree are merged,the topological configuration of the unrooted tree of 16S gene is closed to that of the host range unrooted tree.However,the position of bacillus is greatly changed on both the unrooted trees.

将16S DNA的NJ树隐去所有的种，以属为单位所得到的以分枝形式的无根树在拓扑结构上与菌群分布含量所构建的无根树相近，但芽孢杆菌在两种无根树的位置中有较大的差异。

Especially, the number of type Ⅰ complex terminals which come from unmyelinated afferent fibers recovered to the level of unoperated side. It indicates that morphine may promote the collateral sprouting and synaptic reinnervation of primary afferent fiber, unmyelinated afferent in particular. 4. Although the collateral sprouting and synaptic reinnervation were shown also in spinal cord of operated side in 34 days spared root rats, they were slower than that of morphine spared root group.

表明吗啡促进了备用根初级传入纤维，特别是无髓纤维更快地向L〓脊髓段侧支出芽，稍后在L〓平面脊髓内侧支出芽以及突触重建。4、34天备用根大鼠术侧脊髓内也有侧支出芽和突触重建，不过侧支出芽的速度要比吗啡组慢。5、电镜定量结果也显示，吗啡备用根大鼠和备用根大鼠术侧备用根的无髓纤维数比备用根大鼠非手术侧的分别增多60％和42％。

This paper presents a maximum criterion-based phylogeny analysis method for unrooted trees. To increase the confidence level of the derived evolutionary trees, we use bootstrapping and consensus analysis in conjunction with a genetic algorithm for crossover and mutation between evolutionary trees.

本论文采用最大概率字元特徵式的评分方式，以及无根的建构方法，利用基因演算法对所有可能的树的子树做交配与突变，再使用统计自序法与一致演化树法来增加树的可信度。

The results showed that elevated CO2 increased the R/S ratio and the dry mass of both coarse and fine roots, indicating that the seedlings under elevated CO2 allocated more biomass to their belowground part. Compared with control, elevated CO2 increased the contents of reducing sugar, sucrose, and total soluble sugar in coarse roots significantly, but had less effect on those in fine roots. Elevated CO2 increased the contents of starch and total non-structural carbohydrate both in coarse roots and in fine roots. Under elevated CO2, the carbon content in coarse and fine roots had an unsignificant increasing trend, while the nitrogen content decreased significantly, which resulted in an increase of C/N ratio.

结果表明：CO2浓度升高使红桦幼苗粗根和细根的干质量增加，同时根／冠值显著升高，表明CO2浓度升高使红桦幼苗生物量向根系的分配增加；与对照相比，粗根的还原糖、蔗糖和总可溶性糖含量显著增加，而在细根中没有显著变化；粗根、细根的淀粉和总的非结构性碳水化合物含量显著增加；CO2浓度升高下粗根和细根的碳含量有升高的趋势但未达到显著水平，同时氮含量降低，碳／氮值升高；氮的吸收量在粗根和细根中均无显著变化。

Ninety seven spores or sporocarps of VAMF were wet sieved from the rhizosphere soil of mycorrhized pteridophytes, from which 25 VAMF species which belonged to the genera of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora respectively were identified, and the taxonomic characters of the 25 species were described. The Glomus fungi were the dominant VAMF in the rhizosphere soil of pteridophytes, they took up 44% in the identified 25 VAMF (11 species belong to Glomus); the fungi in Acaulospora and Sclerocystis in the next place, they took up 24% and 16% respectively in the identified VAMF; the fungi in the other genera took up 16%. In terms of the relationships of pteridophytes and the VAMF isolated from their rhizosphere soil, there was no specifity between the VAMF and their host.

从具有VA菌根的蕨类植物对应的根际土壤中用湿筛法筛取了97份VA菌根真菌的孢子或孢子果，从中鉴定出了分属于无醒囊霉属、巨孢囊霉属、球囊霉属、硬囊霉属和盾孢囊霉属的VA菌根真菌25种，并对这25种真菌的分类学特征进行了描述；球囊霉属真菌是蕨类植物根际土壤中的优势类群，已鉴定的25种真菌中，有11种属球囊霉属真菌，占44%，其次是无梗囊霉属和硬囊霉属真菌，分别占24%和16%，其他属的VA菌根真菌占16%，从分离鉴定的蕨类植物根际土壤中的VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物的关系看，VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物之间无明显的专一性。

objective to evaluate clinical effect of the handling protaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments in preparation of canals of posterior teeth.methods 96teeth with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis were instrumented by handling protaper rotary instruments using step-down technique,and by k files using step-back technique for control.all teeth were obturated with lateral condensation methods.the efficiency of preparation was analyzed with ra-diographs before and after operation.results no transportation,apical blockage and ledge were found in test.the technique could keep canals smooth.there were two ledge,one instrument fracture and nine transportation in control.the operative time was shorter and post treatment pain seldom occurred in handling protaper group.conclusion the handling protaper niti rotary instruments can prepare the canals effectively and safety.after the preparation,the canals could be easily washed,sterilized and filled.it is an efficient instrumentation method for posterior teeth's canals and be used widely.

目的 评价手用protaper预备后牙根管的临床效果。方法选取患有牙髓炎和根尖周炎的后牙96例，随机分成试验组和对照组各48例，试验组用手用protaper多锥度镍钛旋转器械逐步伸入法预备根管，对照组用k锉，逐步后退法预备根管，两组均用侧向加压充填法充填根管，根据治疗前后的x线片，评价后牙根管预备效果。结果试验组无根管偏移、根尖阻塞、台阶，且根管壁平滑流畅，无器械折断等并发症发生。对照组有2例台阶形成，器械折断1例，根管偏移9例。试验组操作时间短且术后疼痛轻微。结论应用手用protaper预备后牙根管快速、安全，成形效果好，易于根管冲洗消毒及填充，可视为临床上预备后牙根管的有效方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。