无晶状体的

After lentectomy through the pupillary hole, the epithelial cells at dorsal iris in Anuran tadpole of Bufo raddei Strauch can undergo transdifferentiation to regenerate a new lens. The morphological changes of lens formation from different regeneration stages were observed with both microcope and transmission electron microscope.

以无尾两栖类花背蟾蜍后肢芽期蝌蚪为实验材料，摘除其左眼晶状体，在再生不同时期固定，石蜡连续切片，苏木精-伊红对染，光镜观察，研究晶状体再生的组织来源；另外，选再生不同时期材料用戊二醛，锇酸固定，透射电镜观察，以研究晶状体再生组织的超微结构变化。

The left lens of Anuran Tadpole - Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole and Xenopus laevis Tadpole were removed when they had posterior limb bud. By decapitating and fixing it with Carnoy's fixation fluid in different days, by means of paraffin serial section and Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and by using the microscope to observe the microstructure of lens regeneration of Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole and Xenopus laevis Tadpole. By extirpating the left eye and fixing it with aldehyde and osmium acid , by using electron microscope to observe the ultrastructure of lens regeneration of Bufo Raddei Strauch Tadpole and Xenopus laevis Tadpole.

以无尾两栖类—以花背蟾蜍与非洲爪蟾后肢芽期蝌蚪为实验材料，摘除其左眼晶状体，在再生不同时期固定，石蜡连续切片，苏木精-伊红对染，光镜观察，研究晶状体再生的组织来源；另外，选再生不同时期材料用戊二醛，锇酸固定，透射电镜观察，以研究晶状体再生组织的超微结构变化。

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND To explore the therapeutic effects of non suture extracapsular cataract extraction of sclerotic nuclei cataract.

摘要］ ［背景］探讨无缝合硬核白内障囊外摘除术及人工晶状体植入术对硬核白内障的疗效。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

The C18 known sequence, whose sequence had been known but function remained unknown, was expressed in cataractous lens epithelium but was not expressed in normal lens epithelium.

序列已知而功能未知的C18已知序列在白内障晶状体上皮有表达，但其在正常晶状体上皮中无表达。

Among the 3 novel sequences, C24 sequence and C57 sequence were expressed both in cataractous group and in normal group; C24 sequence was expressed higher in cataractous group than that in the normal group, but C57 sequence had no significant difference in normal and cataractous group; C40 sequence was expressed in the cataractous lens epithelium but the expression in normal lens epithelium was not seen.

三个新序列中，C24号和C57号序列在年龄相关性白内障和正常晶状体上皮细胞中均有表达，C24号序列的表达增高；C57号序列在正常组和白内障组中的表达无差异。C40号序列在年龄相关性白内障晶状体上皮细胞中有表达，但其在正常晶状体上皮细胞中未见表达。

SIA degree in phacoemulsification with 3.2mm clear corneal incision has no connection with incision positions. Corneal curvature at incision meridian will be released, but another meridian has no distinct effect. The SIA analyzed by Jaffe/Clayman vector method will provide an important reference for toric IOL implantation surgery.

3.2mm透明角膜切口SIA的度数与切口位置无明显关系，切口对所在子午线角膜曲率有松解作用，对与切口垂直子午线角膜曲率无明显影响，矢量公式法计算所得的SIA值在散光型人工晶状体植入术中提供了重要的参考价值。

4Histological examination of the capsular bags: It could be seen in group 4 that a small amount of LECs at the capsular equator proliferated and migrated to the posterior capsule, forming a thin soemmering ring in the periphery of the capsular bags, forming thin fibromembrane which embodied monolay metaplastic fibroblast-like cells in the center of the capsular bags, or with no cells or cortical material in the center of the capsular bags.

囊袋组织学检查：HSV-TK+GCV组可见少量赤道部晶状体上皮细胞(lens epithelial cells， LECs)增殖并向后囊膜迁移，在囊袋外周部形成稀薄的soemmering环，在中央部无细胞和皮质，或仅形成单细胞层纤维膜。

RESULTS: A total of 45 eyes from 45 patients were treated with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant and its combination surgery. At a mean follow up of 9.7 months (range3～18months), the mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 36.8±12.3mmHg before the implant surgery to 18.0±4.5mmHg at the last follow up after surgery. The success rate was 87%.The best postoperative corrected visual acuity improved 16 eyes(35%).Transient postoperative hypotony and shallow anterior chamber occurred in 20% of cases. The common postoperative complication in later was the formation of encapsulated bleb(13%).

结果：难治性青光眼45例（45眼）实行了Ahmed青光眼阀植入术或联合晶状体摘除、玻璃体切割、人工晶状体植入术等；术后平均观察(3～18)9.7mo；患者术前的平均眼压36.8±12.3mmHg，术后平均眼压18.0±4.5mmHg；手术成功率87%；术后最佳矫正视力提高16眼（35%），视力无变化21眼（47%），视力降低8眼（18%）；术后早期最常见的并发症是一过性浅前房及低眼压，发生率为20%，晚期最常见的并发症是滤过泡包裹，发生率是13%。

RESULTS: A total of 45 eyes from 45 patients were treated with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant and its combination surgery. At a mean follow up of 9.7 months (range3～18months), the mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 36.8±12.3mmHg before the implant surgery to 18.0±4.5mmHg at the last follow up after surgery. The success rate was 87%.The best postoperative corrected visual acuity improved 16 eyes(35%).Transient postoperative hypotony and shallow anterior chamber occurred in 20% of cases.

结果：难治性青光眼45例（45眼）实行了Ahmed青光眼阀植入术或联合晶状体摘除、玻璃体切割、人工晶状体植入术等；术后平均观察(3～18)9.7mo；患者术前的平均眼压36.8±12.3mmHg，术后平均眼压18.0±4.5mmHg；手术成功率87%；术后最佳矫正视力提高16眼（35%），视力无变化21眼（47%），视力降低8眼（18%）；术后早期最常见的并发症是一过性浅前房及低眼压，发生率为20%，晚期最常见的并发症是滤过泡包裹，发生率是13%。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。