无效基因

This thesis proposed two methods of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm to optimal reactive power dispatch of transmission systems, respectively. The advantage of these methods is to achieve near optimal solution for discrete nonlinear optimization problem. So this thesis simulates the proposed method for IEEE 30-bus power system and a practical Taipower system.

本论文提出应用粒子群优法演算法和基因演算法，并使用电力潮流分析，调度输电系统中的无效功率，而粒子群优演算法和基因演算法，在求解非线性的离散解时，均能达到可能的最佳解，因此本文应用此两种方法对输电系统作最佳无效功率调度，并且使用IEEE 30-bus系统与实际台电系统作测试，比较此两种方法的调度结果。

It has been suggested that an increased number of young circulating red bloof thed cells in alpha-thalassemic children, as a result of some degree of ineffective erythropoiesis, could be related to the high frequencies of the alpha-thalassemic allele in malaria endemic areas.

曾有人建议，日益增多的年轻循环红血细胞的α-地中海贫血的儿童，由于某种程度的无效红系造血，可能与高频率的阿尔法-地中海贫血的等位基因在疟疾流行地区。

The paper summarizes the recent progress in microsatellites isolation and their applications in population study, parentage analysis, and detection of changes in genetic variation of farmed stocks, and reviews the problems of microsatellite markers including null alleles and size homoplasy.

本文对皱纹盘鲍的微卫星标记的开发以及在种群遗传多样性评价、家系分析、人工苗种遗传变异监测研究方面的最新进展进行了综述，并阐述了微卫星标记在无效等位基因、大小承异同形性等方面存在的问题。

It could invalidate some unions involving an intersex partner, but also allow a genetic male and female to marry even if they look as if they belong to the same sex.

它可能会导致一些阴阳伴侣的婚姻是无效的，但也允许有基因上的男性和女性结婚，即使他们看起来好像是属于同一性别。

No fragments were amplified from some loci of EST-SSRs, which may suggest the loss of these loci in mirror carp genome or sequence divergence at the primer binding sites. These null alleles may result from selection because functional genes are under more selection pressure than non-encoding loci. Overall, population genetic variation is high for each of the five mirror carp, and the differentiations are also significant among populations.

3在与功能基因相关的多个微卫星基因座位上，扩增产物呈现不同程度的缺失现象，这些无效等位基因的产生可能与结构基因在育种中受到人工选择的影响较大有关。

Based on five microsatellite loci, the null hypothesis of population homogeneity was tested.

根据5个微卫星基因座测试了种群同质性的无效假说。

Objective: To established HPA genotyping method and explored platelet transfusion refractoriness.

目的：建立HPA基因型检测方法，探讨临床因HPA引起的血小板输注无效症的解决方案。

Based on this information, offspring from 10 crosses where parents were known were genotyped by the 6 microsatellite loci and used for parentage analysis. The result showed that assignment success of the progeny to their 'true' mother and father was 88% and 78% respectively, which were lower than predicted by the Cervus simulations. This could be explained by the existence of null or mutant alleles and by Taq DNA Polymerase slippage in the microsatellite loci.

在家系混养的模拟实验中使用这6个高多态性的微卫星基因座从20个候选雌虾中找到真正母亲的概率为88%，从30个候选雄虾中找到真正父亲的概率为78%，低于理论预测值，分析可能与微卫星基因座中的无效等位基因，等位基因的突变以及PCR过程中 Taq 酶发生链滑移等因素有关。

Beta-thalassemia major is a serious hereditary hemolytic anemia which does great harm to human being.It is a monogenic disease characterised by a reduced synthesis of beta-globin chains,which dues to the Doint mutation or deletion of beta-globin gene and its control region.It not only decreases the hemoglobin level,but breaks the balance of alpha/beta synthesis ratio.The major cellular pathogenetic mechanisms in beta thalassemia are based primarily on the deleterious effects produced by the accumulation of the excess alpha globin chain.These excess alpha-globin chains cannot form stable tetrameric structure and deposit in erythroid cells.They cause large ineffective erythropoiesis on their own,accelerate red cells destruction,and lead to hemolysis.

地中海贫血是一种对人类健康危害严重的遗传性溶血性贫血病，是因β-珠蛋白基因及其调控序列的点突变或缺失致使β-珠蛋白肽链合成减少或完全停止，这不仅使患者血红蛋白水平降低，而且使原来在数量上与之持平的α-珠蛋白肽链相对过剩，这些相对过剩的游离α-珠蛋白肽链并不能形成稳定的四聚体，它们沉积在红细胞中导致了大量无效红细胞生成和红细胞寿命缩短，引起了严重的溶血性贫血。

The frequency of both tendon xanthomas and CHD was approximately 2-fold higher and average LDL cholesterol was 30 mg/dL higher in null-allele genotype compared with receptor-defective mutations.

与受体缺陷型相比，无效等位基因患者动脉斑块和CHD的几率增高2倍，平均LDL胆固醇增高30 mg/dL。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失