无托叶的

Leaves densely verticillate, subverticillate, or decussate, sessile, margin entire; stipules absent. Inflorescences axillary on upper part of branchlets, 1–3-flowered; bracts (2–)4 or 5(or 6), scalelike.

叶密被轮生，近轮生的，或交互对生，无梗，边缘全缘；托叶无花序腋生在小枝上半部分上的，1-3花的；苞片(2-)4或5，鳞片状。

Leaves simple, alternate, opposite, or whorled, petiolate or sessile, papery or leathery, with pinnate veins, margin entire, leaves rarely reduced and scalelike; stipules absent, sometimes spiniform or scalelike appendages present.

单叶，互生，对生，或轮生，具叶柄的或无梗，纸质或革质，托叶无，有时有刺状或者鳞片状附属物。

Stems angular, glabrous. Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, abaxially glabrous; petiole glabrous; leaf blade with 7–9 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on both surfaces, fasciated or fasciated lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–1.7 cm, both surfaces glabrous, base subcordate to obliquely truncate or rounded, margin acutely incised serrate, apex rounded to acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, falcate, herbaceous, margin incised serrate; leaf blade resembling that of radical leaves but leaflets fewer and narrower higher up stem.

茎具角，无毛；胚根叶：托叶使成褐色，膜，背面无毛；叶柄无毛；叶片具7-9对小叶；具小叶柄的小叶，绿色在两面，扁化或者扁化， 5-7 * 1.5-1.7 厘米，两面无毛，基部近心形在斜截形或圆形，边缘尖锐锐裂状锯齿，先端圆形的到锐尖；茎生叶托叶绿色，镰刀形，草本，给锐裂状锯齿镶边；叶片象胚根叶的那但是高的更少和狭窄的小叶向上茎。

Stipules green, falcate, rarely ovate or ovate-lanceolate, herbaceous, margin sharply serrate or lobed, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; petiole sparsely pilose or pubescent; leaf blade interrupted imparipinnate with (2 or)3 or 4 pairs of leaflets, reduced to 3 leaflets on upper leaves; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolulate, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or obovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, abaxially appressed pilose on veins, or densely pubescent or tomentose-pubescent between veins, rarely glabrescent, markedly or sparsely glandular punctate, adaxially pilose, or hirsute or hirtellous on veins, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to broadly so, margin acutely to obtusely serrate, apex rounded to acute, rarely acuminate. Inflorescence terminal, spicate-racemose, branched or not; rachis pilose.

绿色，镰刀形的托叶，卵形或卵状披针形的很少，草本，边缘锐切成锯齿状或者有叶，很少全缘，先端锐尖或渐尖；叶柄疏生柔毛或短柔毛；叶片间断奇数羽状具(2或)3或4小叶，退化至3小叶在上部叶片上；短的小叶无柄或具小叶柄，倒卵形，倒卵状椭圆形，披针形或倒卵形， 1.5-5 * 1-2.5 厘米，背面的贴伏的具柔毛的在脉上，在脉之间的或密被短柔毛的或被绒毛的短柔毛，很少脱落无毛显著具点，正面具柔毛的或疏生腺体，或具粗毛或在脉上，很少脱落无毛，基部楔形到宽楔形，花序顶生，穗状总状，与否的分枝；轴具柔毛。

Leaves palmately lobed to or mostly below middle, but not to base; pseudo-stipules absent.

多数的对或浅裂的叶掌状中间以下，但不是至基部；假的无托叶。

Basal leaves 2-6, long petiolate; stipules over 1/2 adnate to petioles, broadly lanceolate, membranous, margin sparsely denticulate and ciliate or entire, apex acuminate; petioles 3-9 cm at anthesis, usually green, sometimes purplish, glabrous, nitid, elongated at fruiting to more than 20 cm; leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent along veins, 3-sect, segments shortly stipitate, lateral segments deeply 2-fid, central segment deeply 2- or 3-fid, terminal lobes highly variable in shape and size, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, or linear-lanceolate, margin irregularly dentate or shallowly divided, sometimes triparted to pinnatiparted or 3-lobed, apex obtuse or acute.

基生叶2-6，具长叶柄；托叶超过1/2的贴生至叶柄，宽披针形，膜，边缘疏生细齿和具缘毛或全缘，先端渐尖；叶柄3-9厘米在花期，通常绿色，有时略带紫色，无毛，有光泽的，在果期拉长到超过20厘米；叶片两面无毛沿脉具短柔毛，3全裂，裂片具短柄，侧裂片2深裂，中裂片2或3深裂，顶裂片形状和大小极易变，卵状披针形，披针形，长圆形，或线状披针形，边缘不规则牙齿或浅裂，有时3深裂到羽状深裂或3浅裂，先端钝或锐尖。

Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate, 4-8 mm; petiole 2-11(-13) cm, pubescent or glabrous; leaf blade ovate, elliptic, oblong or subelliptic,(5-)9-21 × 2.5-10 cm, papery, slightly rough, secondary veins 3 or 4 pairs along midvein, abaxial surface strigillose or pubescent on veins, rarely glabrous, adaxial surface sparsely appressed strigillose or glabrous, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or obtuse, margin denticulate, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Glomerules usually unisexual, sometimes bisexual, in the axils of current and fallen leaves along normal leafy stems, 4-10 mm in diam.; male ones on proximal part of flower-bearing branches; female ones on distal part.

叶互生 托叶披针形，4-8毫米；叶柄2-11(-13)厘米，被短柔毛或无毛；叶片卵形，椭圆形，长方形或，( 5-)9-21 * 2.5-10 厘米，纸质，粗糙的稍，次脉3或4 对沿中脉，背面具短糙伏毛的或短柔毛在脉上，很少无毛，正面疏生贴伏具短糙伏毛的或无毛，通常单性的团伞花序，有时两性，在正常生叶的茎的叶和脱落叶的腋内，直径4-10毫米；在忍受花的分枝的下部上的雄性的；在上部上的雌性的。

Shrubs, usually aerial hemiparasites on other seed plants, often spreading along host by runners, more rarely terrestrial root-parasitic shrubs or trees, nodes not articulated, glabrous or hairy, hairs often stellate or verticillate. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipules absent; petiole often indistinct; leaf blade simple, usually pinnately veined, margin entire.

灌木，通常半寄生在其它种子植物的树上，通过匍匐茎在寄主身上延伸，很少为根寄生的地生灌木或乔木，节没有关节，无毛或有毛，通常为星状毛或具毛轮，对生叶或交替，托叶无；叶柄不明显；单叶，通常羽状脉，边缘全缘。

Styles apically broadened and 2-cleft or emarginate; drupes globose to ellipsoid, apex and base rounded to obtuse; stipules ovate-lanceolate to ovate, enfolding naked terminal bud; leaf blade base symmetric or weakly asymmetric.

花柱顶部变宽和2半裂或微缺；核果的球状的到椭圆形，先端和基部圆形到钝；托叶卵状披针形到卵形，包无遮盖的顶芽；叶片基部对称的或稍不对称。 1 C 。 philippensis 大果油朴

Sometimes armed with stinging hairs; epidermal cells of leaves, sometimes stems, perianths mostly with prominent cystoliths punctiform to linear; Leaves alternate or opposite, stipules present, rarely absent; leaf blade simple. Inflorescences cymose, paniculate, racemose, spicate, or cluster-capitate, usually formed from glomerules, sometimes crowded on common enlarged cuplike or discoid receptacle, rarely reduced into a single flower. Flowers unisexual, rarely bisexual in partial flowers; actinomorphic, very small,(1-)4- or 5-merous, rarely perianth absent in female flowers.

有时具有蛰毛的刺；叶的表皮细胞，有时茎和花被的表皮细胞大部分有显著的点状或线形的乳状体；叶互生或者对生，托叶有，很少无；单叶花序聚伞状，圆锥状，总状，穗状，或者丛生头状花序，花单性，部分花两性；辐射对称，小，(1-)4-或者5瓣，很少在雌花内无花被。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。