无偏估计

In this paper we study the method of interpolation by radial basis functions in H~k(k ≥ 1) and give some error estimates. By means of such interpolation with a special kind of radial basis function, we construct a basis in H~k(k ≥ 1). Combined with the Galerkin method, this theory can be applied to solve boundary value problems for elliptic partial differential equations (such as the third boundary value problem for Poisson equation and the corresponding problem for the biharmonic equation), and some numerical experiments are also given.

本文从求解偏微分方程的角度出发，在被逼近函数u属于一般的Sobolev空间H~k(k≥1)的情形，引入了一种径向基函数插值方法，并建立了相应的误差估计；再利用这种插值性质，从一类特殊径向基函数出发构造Sobolev空间的一组基，针对Poisson方程第三类边值问题和重调和方程类似边值问题，为用无网格算法求解偏微分方程边值问题建立了相应的理论，并通过算例来验证了这一算法。

Simulation results indicate that remanence and magnetometer bias can be estimated correctly by this method.

仿真结果表明：该方法能准确估计卫星剩余磁矩与磁强计偏置，磁强计偏置的标定精度在1nT左右，剩余磁矩的标定精度为0.0001A·m^2量级，有效消除了剩磁对无陀螺卫星姿态确定的影响，显著提高了姿态确定精度，滤波器能在500s内收敛。

N For unbiasedness, we assumed a zero conditional mean

要获得 估计量的无偏性，我们假定零条件期望

In this paper,samples as a sensitive issue in two kinds of random survey answered model,from two angles of a large sample theory and a small sample theory respectively,the estimates obtained by the quantity of unbiasedness ,effectiveness,consistency of the strength of the areas of evaluation and assessment are to survey it is reasonable and effective.

以敏感问题调查中两种随机化回答模型为例，分别从小样本理论和大样本理论两个角度，对所得到的估计量进行无偏性、有效性、强弱相合性等方面的评估，从而评价此种统计调查方法的合理性和有效性，最后给出两种模型的实例分析。

Thus, in the eighteenth century, when nearly all the instructed, and all those of the uninstructed who were led by them, were lost in admiration of what is called civilization, and of the marvels of modern science, literature, and philosophy, and while greatly overrating the amount of unlikeness between the men of modern and those of ancient times, indulged the belief that the whole of the difference was in their own favour; with what a salutary shock did the paradoxes of Rousseau explode like bombshells in the midst, dislocating the compact mass of one-sided opinion, and forcing its elements to recombine in a better form and with additional ingredients.

举例来看，在十八世纪，当几乎一切有学养的人以及跟在他们后面的无学养的人都热狂于赞叹所谓文明，赞叹近代科学、文学、哲学的各项奇迹的时候，当他们既大大过高估计了现代人与古人不同的程度复滥信这全部不同都偏利于他们自己的时候，请看卢梭的一些似非而是的议论怎样象炸弹一般爆发在一大堆结构紧密的片面性意见之中，改变了它原来的部位，迫使其中分子在新的分子楔入之下重新组合出更好的形式，起到了有益的震撼作用。

In the part of estimation of parameters,there are many standards such as being agonic, compatibility and validity andso on.

有多种评价估计量优劣的准则，如无偏性、相合性和渐近正态性等。

Due to the violation of the PA condition, the distributions of Wald statistics and Score statistics based on GLS estimators are noncentral $\chi^{2}$ distributions. The efficiency of testing based on the GEE method is largely influenced.

由于PA条件不成立，回归系数的GLS估计不再是渐近无偏的，构造的Wald和Score统计量的分布不再是中心卡方分布，从而对于检验的效率也产生了严重影响。

Due to the violation of the PA condition, the distributions of Wald statistics and Score statistics based on GLS estimators are noncentral x~2 distributions. The efficiency of test based on the GEE mothod is infulenced.

由于PA条件不成立，回归系数的GLS估计不再是渐近无偏的，从而得到的Wald和Score统计量的分布不再是中心卡方分布拉，从而对于检验的效率也产生了一定的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。