无下颚的

Any of various primitive eellike vertebrates of the class Agnatha,such as a lamprey, lacking jaws and true teeth and having a circular,sucking mouth.

圆口纲脊椎动物一种类似鳗鱼的无颚纲原始脊椎动物，如盲鳗，没有下颚和真正的牙齿，而长着圆形吮吸的嘴

Therefore, we suggest that, the dentists should pay more attention to prostheses design on implant supported prostheses in edentulous mandible.

因此，以植体贋复作为下颚全口无牙患者的治疗，对赝复物的设计必须有完整且审慎的考量。

The results also present that the intermaxillary vertical relation has significantly positive relation with the motion magnitude of the tongue movements; however, the cranial base (component 1) and the maxilla (component 2-4), except the palatal depth, show no correlation to swallowing. Furthermore, arch length is found increased with prolonged duration of swallowing.

在齿颜面形态方面，以上下颚骨垂直关系及下颚第一大臼齿萌出度，和舌头吞咽运动的相关性最为显著，但在离舌头较远处的颅底以及上颚骨的前后、垂直与旋转关系，与舌头吞咽运动较无关联；随著牙弓长度的增加，在晚期终止期的吞咽持续时间会延长。

Here we present a case of 21 year-old male who suffered from recurrent swelling in left side of mandible which had received surgery for ossifying fibroma in another hospital when he was 19 years old. Obvious facial asymmetry was noted but no sensory dysfunctions were detected. The lesion showed well-demarcated, multilocular radiolucency but radiopacity centrally. We applied segmental resection via extra-oral approach and reconstructed with anterior iliac crest bone graft. After removal of MMF in six week, the wound healed well and joint function was good without malocclusion. After follow-up of one year, no recurrences were noted.

本病例为－21岁之男性，在19岁时因为左下颚骨角区肿大在某医院接受外科手术处理，术后病理报告为骨化纤维瘤，因为复发的肿胀而来本院寻求治疗，临床检查并无疼痛及下唇区感觉异常的问题，放射线影像为周界清晰，多腔室放射透过性合并中央放射不透过性之不规则小块，手术方式为从口外颚下切线，做下颚骨片段式切除，并以肠骨脊海绵骨移植修补骨缺损加以颚间固定六周，术后伤口恢复及愈合良好，颚骨关系稳定无咬合异常的情况，无张口受限的问题。

There is aslight prominence of thenasalbone structure causing a slightly Romanappearance, the centerlinerunning up over the foreface with little orno stop, falling awayinfront of the eyes so there is an absolutelyclear outlook withnointerference; the underjaw showing great strength,the jaws longandpunishing; the mouth level, meaning that the teethfrom the upperjawand lower jaw match evenly, neither overshot norundershot.

轻微突起的鼻梁骨，形成了罗马面貌，其中心线沿着前脸上升到轻微的止部，消失在眼睛前面，所以视线清晰，没有任何冲突，下颌显得非常有力，颌部长而强烈；嘴巴为钳状咬和，上下颚牙齿均匀匹配，完全对齐，无上颚突出或下颚突出。

The aneurysmal bone cyst occurs most commonly in long bone or vertebral column and only 2% in jaws from reported cases. It occurs predominantly in mandible of young adult without significant sexual predilection. It also develops in rapid swelling and pain. Radiographic study shows well-demarcated, unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion.

动脉瘤性骨囊肿(aneurysmal bone cyst， ABC)则常发生於四肢骨及脊柱，颚骨的病例仅占了2%，下颚稍多，亦多发於年轻人，也无性别上之差异，通常为生长快速并造成患处疼痛或其他不适，放射线影像为周界清晰，单腔室或多腔室放射透过性之特性。

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic tumour of the jaws, the most commonly involved area is the posterior portion of the mandible, occurs in the mean age of 30.1 years and there is no apparent sex predilection.

摘要造釉细胞癌为一罕见的颚骨齿源性肿瘤，好发于下颚骨后方区域，好发年龄平均为30.1岁，无性别上之差异。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

This report presents a case of fully edentulism with severe resorbed ridge and lack of keratinized mucosa over mandibular left alveolar ridge area.

本病例报告为一全口无牙的患者，下颚左侧齿槽嵴严重吸收且缺乏角化黏膜。

FEATURES:Articulated sleeves;Chest high front pockets;micro-fleece lined chin guard;Ergo hood;Extra-long pit zips;One handed hood, waist and hem drawcords;Interior water bottle pocket;Napoleon pocket;Seamless hip and waist construction;Two-way front zipper;FTX Ultra inset re-inforcements at abrasion areas;Welded waist cord

特性：肘部预留关节空间；胸袋两个；下颚部位有绒衬里；帽子可折叠扣起；拉链头加长，便于戴手套时操作；帽子腰部和下摆有可单手操作的收紧绳；衣内有可装水壶的口袋；Napoleon口袋；腰臀部无缝合线结构；双向前拉链；易磨损区域用FTX Ultra材料加固；腰部有收紧绳。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。