旅游

Real estate insiders think, Xi'an tourism real estate will be because of the emergence of business travel, Archaize the tourism, convention tourism, agriculture and tourism, forest tourism, eco-tourism and other new types of tourism products in the type of ownership greater survival and development.

房地产人士认为，西安旅游房地产将由于出现了商务旅游，仿古旅游，会议旅游，农业和旅游业，森林旅游，生态旅游和其他新类型的旅游产品类型的自主权更大的生存和发展。

From the aspects of systematology and tourist geology, tourist security is taken as a risk system, which is a special complicated and correlated system consisting of the tourists and the environment of the scenic spot. The implication, formation, structure and the research content of tourist security are preliminarily explored; and the security analysis, security assessment, and security measures of the system are correlatively studied so as to find sane solution of the security problem existing in the development of modern tourist industry.

笔者从系统论和旅游地理学的角度，把旅游安全作为一个风险系统进行研究；认为旅游安全风险系统是由旅游者与旅游景区环境共同组成的一个复杂的特定的相互依赖的系统；初步探讨旅游安全风险系统的组成、结构和研究内容；对旅游安全风险系统的安全分析、安全评价和安全措施进行了相关研究；通过研究，以期弄清现代旅游业发展中存在的安全问题，提出旅游安全风险对策。

However, in recent years, people ignore social and ecological effect because of the rapid development of tourist industry. In their eyes, the tourist industry is smokeless, pollution-free with low-input and high-output industry. In practice, they are eager for quick success and instant benefit, simplifying the development of tourist industry as expansion of number and extensionality, developing the tourist resource predatorily, managing travel industry sites extensively, and making travel facilities expand abnormally.

旅游经济高速发展的喜悦使得人们一度无暇思考旅游发展所带来的社会和生态效益，甚至沉醉于"无烟工业"、"无污染产业"、"低投入，高产出"的错觉中，在实践中则表现为急功近利，将旅游业发展简单化为数量型增长和外延性扩大，对旅游资源进行掠夺性开发，对旅游景区采取粗放式管理等，从而导致旅游资源与环境危机、旅游社会冲突与旅游经济发展的矛盾日益尖锐。

The result shows that:① Annual scale of China's inbound and domestic tourism growth process can be divided into 3 parts: trend, cycle, and impacts of the incidents.② The trend and cycles of inbound tourism are different from the domestic. Inbound tourism grows lineally while domestic grows exponentially.③ Inbound tourism experienced two different kinds of cycles.

结果发现：(1)近20多年来我国入境和国内旅游的成长，在年际尺度上均可分解为趋势项、周期项和事件冲击项3个部分；(2)入境旅游和国内旅游客流量的增长趋势存在一定的差异，入境旅游长期趋势为直线增长，国内旅游长期趋势为指数增长；(3)入境旅游存在2个时间尺度的客流量波动周期，较长的周期为20年，较短的周期为6年，而国内旅游只存在一个10年左右的周期。

This article analyzes some basic surveys of our country red tourist resources and some elementary of sustainable development, analyzes the present situation of the red tourist development and the problem exists in the red tourist resources'development which some are worth taking: Many Red Holy Land rushes headlong into mass action in abundance, starts blindly, excessively and even in predacity develops the red tourist resources, to the tourist environment pollution, the red cultural atmosphere serious destruction, finally causes the red tourist resources politics, the economy and the cultural function is weakening, the negative effect also appears day by day, directly affected the red tourist resources sustainable development and use, also threatens the red tourist the sustainable development.

本文阐述了我国红色旅游资源的一些基本概况和可持续开发的一些基本理论，分析了红色旅游资源开发的现状和开发中出现的一些值得重视的问题：许多红色圣地纷纷一哄而上，盲目上马，对红色旅游资源过度甚至是掠夺性开发过程中，出现了旅游环境受到污染、红色文化呈现庸俗化、收益分配不均等问题，这不仅减弱了红色旅游资源的政治、经济和文化作用，消极影响日益显现，而且直接影响了红色旅游资源的可持续开发利用，也威胁到红色旅游的可持续发展。

this paper analyzes the types and characteristics of the coastal island tourism in Mainland China,studies the three stages and three patterns of its development; based on the analysis and study above, this paper concludes the characteristics, external forms, and problems of safety issue in coastal island tourism in Mainland China, finally, this paper pertinently puts forward the managerial strategies about the safety issue mentioned above.

提要： 本文分析了我国沿海岛屿旅游的类型与特点，总结了我国沿海岛屿旅游发展的三个阶段和旅游发展的三种模式；分析了岛屿旅游安全的特征、岛屿旅游安全表现形态和岛屿旅游存在的安全问题，提出了沿海岛屿旅游安全管理措施。

No.2 part includes No.4 and No.5 chapter. In No.4 chapter the paper calculates centrality indexes of the tourism destinations of 13 cities along Silk Road in Gansu. In No.5 chapter the paper analyzes these indexes with Hierarchical Cluster of SPSS 13.0, and adds up ancient ruins of these regions. Abasing centrality indexes of the tourism destinations, the result of Hierarchical Cluster and the concentration ancient ruins of these regions, the paper determines that Lanzhou City and Dunhuang City are No.1 grade tourism central cities, Jiayuguan City and Tianshui City are No.2 grade tourism central cities, Hezuo City Prefecture, Zhangye City and Wuwei City are No.3 grade tourism central cities, Pingliang City, Jingchang City and Linxia City Prefecture are No.4 grade tourism central cities. No.3 part includes No.6 and No.7 chapter.

第二部分(4-5)。首先提出了旅游中心性指数概念，设置旅游中心性指标体系，计算各&节点城市&的旅游地中心性指数，并对这些指数进行聚类分析，然后统计&节点城市&丝路文化遗存旅游资源的集中度，最后采用定性和定量相结合的方法，将丝绸之路甘肃段&节点城市&的中心性指数、聚类分析的结果和丝路文化遗存旅游资源的集中度结合起来进行分析，确定出兰州市和敦煌市为一级旅游中心城市，嘉峪关市+肃州区、天水市为二级旅游中心城市，合作市、张掖市和武威市为三级旅游中心城市，平凉市、金昌市和临夏市为四级旅游中心城市。

As required by the law, Japan establishes sightseeing agency to administrate tourism, formulates "Basic Tourism Promotion Plan", strengthens higher tourism education to train tourism talents, deregulates the domestic tourism industry, develops eco-tourism and industrial sightseeing tourism, seeks international tourism cooperation and opens the tourism market to China.

根据《观光立国推进基本法》要求，日本采取以下措施推进观光立国战略：设置旅游行政主管机构观光厅，制定《观光立国推进基本计划》，大力发展旅游高等教育培养旅游人才，放松国内旅游企业的规制，开发生态旅游和产业观光旅游，积极开展国际旅游合作，加强对华旅游市场开放。

The corporate management standard, the service is fine, is a fair traveling vacation, the commercial inspection, covers the global traveling line, the domestic hotel orders with the conference trains the service is a body, also is Chinese specialized traveling on-line service business Chinese Kang Xiang travels website (www.kxtravel.com.cn) to use itself traveling resources superiority to provide has the competitive ability for the customer the product price, uses the leading network commerce platform and the telephone prearranges the service to provide the specialty and the convenient service for the customer, Kang Xiang International Travel has the team which one batch of specialized traveling activities plans for the customer organization characteristic subject activity, lets individual, the family, the individual tourist and the company commerce public figures all can experience the specialized traveling service which Kang Xiang travels.

公司管理规范、服务优良，是一家集旅游度假、商务考察、涵盖全球旅游线路、国内酒店预订和会议培训服务为一体，也是中国专业的旅游在线服务商。中国康祥旅游网（www.kxtravel.com.cn）利用本身的旅游资源优势为客户提供具有竞争力的产品价格，使用领先的网络商务平台和电话预定服务为客户提供专业和便捷的服务，康祥国旅拥有一批专业旅游活动策划的团队为客户组织特色主题活动，让个人、家庭、散客和公司商务人士都能体验到康祥旅游的专业旅游服务。

Tourist agent quality, traveling motivation and traveling hobby, the three-factor reciprocities have the significance influence, at tourist agent quality versus traveling hobby style and traveling motivations both, also have the significance influence in the two - factor reciprocity, here by how to aim at the traveling motivation and hobbies tourism type of traveling the consumer, make to order the suitable product of traveling or services, this is the travel agent diligent direction of future.

旅行社品质、旅游动机与旅游偏好，三因子交互作用均具显著的影响，在旅行社品质对旅游偏好型态及旅游动机两者，在二因子交互作用也均具显著的影响，於此如何针对旅游消费者的旅游动机及偏好旅游类型，量身定制出适宜的旅游产品或服务，这是未来旅行业者努力的方向。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。