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Key words: anthropotomy and histoembryology; fornix transection; paraventricular nucleus; arginine vasopressin; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; neuron

关键 词：人体解剖学与组织胚胎学；穹窿切断；室旁核；精氨酸加压素；丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴；神经元

These results suggest that the activate spleen-energy method can achieve appetitive purpose by not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract function in periphery, but also regulating the process of ingestion in brain. The basic research about ingestion indicate: one hand, after food enters the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine cell of the intestinal tract is activated and secrete many kinds of brains intestines peptide, the level of the brain intestines peptide in blood as the periphery signal spreads to the central nervous system regions that control digest and feeding behavior. On the other hand, it has been shown that dorsal parabranchial neurons, containing CCK-8S, extend fibers to the VMH and are involved in the inhibition of feeding .

关于摄食控制的基础研究表明，一方面食物进入胃肠道后，激活肠道的内分泌细胞，分泌多种脑肠肽如CCK-8S，这些脑肠肽在血中的水平作为外周信号可通过"肠—脑轴"传入中枢神经系统介导消化和摄食行为的部位，影响摄食中枢神经元的活动调节动物的摄食行为；另一方面中枢神经元可合成释放内源性的神经肽直接作用于摄食中枢神经元调节摄食，如中枢鳃旁体神经元的神经纤维就可延伸到达VMH，并且合成释放内源性的CCK-8S。

According to the echocardiography,enlarged internal diameter of left ventricle was found in 8 patients and short-axis fractional shortening of left ventricle 5% in 3 patients.Six out of the above 8 patients presented with shortening of accerlerating time,decreasing of accerlerating time/right ventricular ejective time value and moving forward of spectral peak in different degrees.All patients were given antianginal drugs such as β-recepter blockers,nitrate preparations and part by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,diuretics and digoxin,The illncss of 29 patients were gradually controlled within one week.Three patients with AD were complicated by acute left heart failure.No obvious changes in FS of left ventricle were found on echocardiography by bed.

测量肺动脉瓣口血流频谱，左心室内径增大的8例中有6例出现不同程度的血流加速时间缩短，血流加速时间/右心室射血时间比值减小，频谱峰值前移。31例均给予β受体阻滞剂、硝酸酯类等抗心绞痛治疗，部分给予血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、利尿剂和地高辛，其中29例在1周内卧位型心绞痛逐步得到控制。3例卧位型心绞痛发作时合并急性左心衰竭者，在床旁观察超声心动图，发现左心室短轴缩短率无显著变化，给予利尿剂、减轻前后负荷等治疗，急性左心衰竭得以纠正。

The fornix transection can increase the expression of AVP and enhance the activity of HPA axis.

穹窿切断使下丘脑室旁核AVP表达升高，HPA轴活动增强。

Research suggests that the primary hypothalamic perturbation in the HPA axis in depression might consist of increased numbers of CRF-containing neurons and CRF mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, which leads to hypersecretion of hypothalamic CRF.

一些研究提示，抑郁症患者HPA轴中下丘脑的原发性功能紊乱包括室旁核中CRF神经元和CRF mRNA数量的增加，这将导致下丘脑CRF的过度分泌。

Company nature: domestic production and trade enterprises operating range: Cabling Products (Crystal first, network lines, light stick, coaxial cable, patch panel, sub box, security card, information boxes, cabinets, network modules, information panels, switches, light stick in the total allocation), etc. Product Factory Area: 40,000 square meters Number of employees: 300 people, the history of the development: Shanghai Pu Co., Ltd. Founded in 1998, located in Shanghai Pudong Sunshine Boulevard, covers an area of 40000 square meters, more than 4,000 square meters of standard factory buildings.

公司性质：内资生产型及贸易企业经营范围：布线产品（水晶头，网络线，光扦，同轴线缆，配线架，分线盒，保安牌，信息箱，机柜，网络模块，信息面板，交换机，光扦总配）等产品厂房面积：40000平方米员工人数： 300人发展历史：上海万普有限公司创立于1998年，座落于上海浦东阳光大道旁，占地面积40000平方米，标准厂房4000余平方米。

Objective To study the morphological and functional effect of pinealectomy on CRH neurons in paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus as well as thefunction of melatonin supplementation, enrich the research of the effect of pinealbody and melatonin on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,provide theoreticalevidence of the effect of pineal body and melatonin on immune function andimmune-associated disease such as tumor and autoimmune disease.

目的： 研究松果体及其褪黑素对大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 神经元形态和功能的影响以及补充褪黑素的作用，丰富松果体及褪黑素对下丘脑——垂体——肾上腺轴影响的形态及功能方面的研究，为进一步揭示松果体及褪黑素对免疫功能以及免疫相关性疾病如肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等的影响机制提供理论依据。

Methods Twenty-three cases of OSAS patients proved by polysomnography were examined with MRI. The cross-sectional area of retropalatal region, retroglossal region, epiglottal region and the lateral parapharyngeal fat pad of RP region was calculated. The thickness of bilateral and posterior pharyngeal wall and other indices were also measured. 30 nonsnoring age-matched normal subjects were selected as the control group. 15 patients underwent turbo field echo T1-weighted imaging during sleep. The images of RP, RG, and EPG were analyzed. Results In oSAS group, the cross sectional area of RP and RG regions was smaller than that of the control group.

应用MRI对23例经多导睡眠监测（polysomnography， pSG）确诊的OSAS患者及30例无打鼾的健康成人进行上气道检查，于轴面图像测量软腭后区（retropalatal region， RP区）、舌根后区（retroglossal region， RG区）和会厌区（epiglottal region， EPG区）的气道截面积，各区前后、左右径及其比值，各区咽侧壁、咽后壁软组织厚度，RP区咽旁间隙（lateral parapharyngeal fat pad，LPFP）截面积，于正中矢状面图像测量软腭厚度、长度及截面积，对两组各项检查指标进行统计学分析。

PX induces the synthesizing and releasing of CRH by CRHneurons increase, activates HPA axis through hypophyseal portal system, thenmelatonin supplementation can partly reverse the abnormality, which indicates pinealbody is one of the key factors to maintain the structural and functional stablity ofneuroendocrine-immune network

松果体摘除导致大鼠下丘脑室旁核CRH 神经元合成和释放CRH 增加，并通过垂体门脉系统激活整条HPA 轴，而补充外源性褪黑素后能在一定程度上逆转上述异常，表明松果体是神经——内分泌——免疫网络的结构和功能的重要稳定因素之一。

Glu could induce disturbances of SS-GH axis and neuronic homeostasis by influencing the secretion of SS and GH, and aggravate CGS by exciting paraventricular nuclei .

与此同时Glu通过影响SS和GH的分泌，使SS—GH轴的紊乱，造成NC内环境的紊乱，并通过中枢室旁核机制具有加重CGS的病理作用。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。