施加惩罚

Retributivists, who seem to hold that there are circumstances in which the infliction of suffering is good thing in itself , are charged by their opponents with vindictive barbarousness. Utilitarians, who seem to hold that punishment is always and only justified by the good Consequences it produces, are accused of vicious opportunism .

报应论者认为，在特定情形下，施加令人痛苦的惩罚在本质上是善的，而功利论者则指责其为野蛮的报复；功利论者认为，惩罚的正当性根据永远是也只能是，其所产生的福利效益，对此，报应论者则斥之为邪恶的机会主义分子。

The most obvious meaning of the expression is that part of the law which relates to crimes and their punishment — a crime being defined as an act or omission in respect of which legal punishment may be inflicted on the person who is in default cither by **** or omitting to act.

刑法这一术语最明显地意指的是法律中与犯罪及其惩罚相关的那一部分，而犯罪被界定为这样一种作为或不作为，就此，对因作为或不作为而不履行职责的人可以施加法定的惩罚。

In this paper,it presents a distinguishability of penalty based trust model,named DPTrust,in which the duration of penalty is determined in terms of peers credility level in a latest time window,as a result,both kinds of peers has been distinguished.

提出了一种具有惩罚水平区分度的重复博弈信任管理模型DPTrust，对节点的非合作行为，依据其在最近时间窗口中的信用级别，施加不同时长的惩罚期，从而区分了善意节点的"偶尔犯错"和恶意节点的"故伎重演"及摇摆等行为。

Look At the Chinese Archaic Excruciation From Its Cruel Government Official;2. He indicates the evolutionary process of human power from the excruciation and persecution in ancient societies to the contemporary soft control of both human bodies and spirits.

福柯既把"规训与惩罚"看作是人对人的驯顺、塑造和统治形式，也从中探察出权力的性质及演变历史；并由此引发出一系列与规训和惩罚相关的政治、法律、权力、观念和科学技术问题；表明人类社会是如何从古代通过酷刑对人类肉体的疯狂肆虐逐步演化为通过对人类精神和肉体施加的普遍"温柔的"暴力而达到被统治者自觉规训和臣服的目的；与此同时还对权力的功能和性质进行了微观分析，使人们对"权力压抑"、"生命权力"、"顺从身体"、"隐秘权力"，以及"权力清空"等问题都产生耳目一新的认识。

In the latter the public departments execute the law by investigating and prosecuting illegal behaviors, and apply punishments directly, fines and mulct owe to the country not to the victim.

公法责任则通常主要依赖公共执法机制，即由国家执法机关对于违法行为调查起诉或直接施加惩罚，罚款或罚金归于国家而不是归于受害人。

In Penology, the function of punishment means the inevitable connection between the crime and the criminal sanctions, at this angle, the economic sanctions under the UN have no function of punishment; in Science of Civil Law, punishment, which is defined in the punishing ...

刑法学关于惩罚功能的精髓是在刑事不法行为与刑事制裁之间建立必然联系，从这个角度来看，联合国经济制裁不具有惩罚功能；民法学在"惩罚性赔偿"的定义中，将惩罚界定为"对不法行为者施加的'害'大于不法行为本身导致的'害'，而不是等于或大致等于不法行为本身导致的'害'"，从这个角度来看，联合国经济制裁不一定具有惩罚功能；法理学认为"惩罚"就是"施加不利"，从这个角度来看，联合国经济制裁应该具有惩罚功能因素。

They have punished to secure obedience to laws, to gratify feelings of revenge, to satisfy a public demand for severe reprisals for outrageous crimes, because they believed a deity demands punishment , to match with suffering the moral evil inherent in the perpetration of a crime, or simply out of respect for tradition.

他们施加惩罚是为了确保对法律的遵守，满足复仇的情感，迎合公众对残暴犯罪进行严厉报复的要求，因为他们相信有一个神要求惩罚而以痛苦与犯罪中所固有的道德上的恶相匹配，或者只是出于对传统的尊重。

To say that it is of the very nature of punishment to be retributive , is to say that a system of inflicting hardship on someone could not be Properly called 'punishment,' unless it is the aim of this system to hurt all and only those guilty of an offence .

对某人施加痛苦的某种体制可能不能被叫做"惩罚"，除非这个体制的目的是对所有且仅仅违法有罪的人施予痛苦，只有这种情况下，惩罚的本质才是报应性的。

Criminal punishment is an unpleasant result to object of punishment exerted by legislator and judiciary intendedly based on liability for crime .

刑罚是立法者与司法者基于犯罪的有责性而对惩罚对象有意施加的一种不快结果，在构成上，必须具备有责性、有意性和不快结果施加这三个有机统一且不可或缺的要素。

Criminal punishment is an unpleasant result to object of punishment exerted by legislator and judiciary intendedly based on liability for crime.

刑罚是立法者与司法者基於犯罪的有责性而对惩罚对象有意施加的一种不快结果，在构成上，必须具备有责性、有意性和不快结果施加这三个有机统一且不可或缺的要素。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。