方法论

That is our goal: to "reverse engineer" an explanatory framework that plausibly accounts for all of those major methodologies--from phenomenology to autopoiesis to systems theory to hermeneutics — by "transcendentally deducing" a structure of the Kosmos that would allow those methodologies to arise and exist in the first place, because already exist they do.

这就是我们的目标：给&反向工程师&一个可以解释一切主要方法论问题的框架--从现象学到自创论到诠释学的系统论--&先验推论&一个可以允许方法论首先存在的宇宙构造。

As a reaction to these methodologies, a new group of methodologies have appeared in the last few years.

对这些方法论随之而来的反应是，一系列新的方法论近几年来开始出现。

Being a scientific methodology the meta-synthesis has been synthesized the advantages of computer network, data syncretizing, knowledge, information and the intelligent of experts.

作为科学的方法论，综合集成方法论综合了计算机网络技术、数据融合技术、知识与信息及专家群体智能的各方面优势，其应用在研究方式和工作方式上都突破了传统还原论思想的束缚。

As a methodology, the principles of phenomenology blaze new method of humanistic approaches in western psychology. So phenomenology has played a role in psychical act psychology, gestalt psychology and humanistic psychology. And what's more, it is affecting and promoting the development of transpersonal psychology, cognitive psychology and postmodern psychology, and it will provide methodological guidance for the development of western psychology in the future.

纵观整个西方心理学的发展，现象学对心理学的影响是广泛而持久的，它不仅推动和促进了西方心理学方法论上的几次变革，为意动心理学、格式塔心理学以及人本主义心理学的发展作出了突出贡献，而且它也正在影响和推动着超个人心理学、认知心理学以及后现代心理学的发展，并将为未来西方心理学的持续发展提供重要的方法论指导。

Among themthe theoretical basis is analyzed for that the technology is in a dilemma overbeing accepted or being given up as argued in traditional philosophy of technolo gy; the target value refers to human being's liberation and the theoretical coreis the rationalization of democracy; the methodology frame is that used to stud y the technology on the basis of social constructivism and the theme of critiqueis farewell to dystopia.

从理论基础、价值目标、理论内核、方法论框架和批判主题等方面对这一理论展开了剖析，其中理论基础是对传统技术哲学&接受还是放弃&技术的两难困境的分析，价值目标是马克思主义的人的解放，理论内核是民主的理性化，使用的是社会建构论研究技术的方法论框架，批判主题是告别敌托邦。

This theory is discussed in the perspective of its basis, tar get value, theoretical core, methodology frame and theme of critique. Among themthe theoretical basis is analyzed for that the technology is in a dilemma overbeing accepted or being given up as argued in traditional philosophy of technolo gy; the target value refers to human being\'s liberation and the theoretical coreis the rationalization of democracy; the methodology frame is that used to stud y the technology on the basis of social constructivism and the theme of critiqueis farewell to dystopia.

从理论基础、价值目标、理论内核、方法论框架和批判主题等方面对这一理论展开了剖析，其中理论基础是对传统技术哲学&接受还是放弃&技术的两难困境的分析，价值目标是马克思主义的人的解放，理论内核是民主的理性化，使用的是社会建构论研究技术的方法论框架，批判主题是告别敌托邦。

What is pursued by humanistic psychological methodology is to criticize theshortcomings of the"mechomorphic"methodology that permeates psychoanalysis andespecially behaviorism,on the one hand,and promise to create a new research paradigmthat is suited for human psychology and thus to reconstruct a complete image of man,onthe other.

批判贯穿于精神分析、特别是行为主义之中的&机械主义心理学&方法论之弊，承诺创建适于人的心理学研究方式从而重构人的完整形象——这是人本心理学方法论所追求的基本目标。

Those who regard individuals as the real economic subjects are named methodological individualist, whereas those who perceive society and class above individuals as economic subjects and treat individuals as dependent on objective rules are called methodological holists.

其中主张从个人入手，把个人理解为真正的经济行为主体的学者被认为是方法论个人主义者；主张把超个人的社会或阶级理解为经济行为主体，强调个人对客观规律的从属性的学者被认为是方法论整体主义者。

Research orientation,problem-centered opinion and individual research method of humanism-oriented research constitute the most important psychological methodology of Neo-Kantism.

人文科学的研究取向、问题中心论和个别化的研究方法都是新康德主义最重要的心理学方法论蕴含，但由于其过分强调人的价值与意义，从而忽视了人的物性，所以尚不足以构成完善的心理学方法论。

The author analysis many representative master woks and try to generalize some rules of design methodology and design methods from these examples.

作者在探索建筑设计方法论的途径是以归纳法为主，整理和分析有代表性的杰出的设计作品，试图总结出共同的方法论规律。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。