方法论

In the first part of this article, I analyse the characteristic of the scientific methodology.

本文的第一部分阐明了教育研究方法论的演变过程，分析了20世纪70年代之前教育研究方法论的特点。

Kant gave a double sublation to entitism and psychologism of traditional aesthetics through a transcendental method which he used all along. Thus he established his own methodological principles of aesthetics: transcendental methodology, teleological principle and rational dialectics.

康德通过一以贯之的先验方法对传统美学中的本质主义和心理主义进行双重扬弃，从而确立了他自己的美学方法论原则：先验方法论，合目的性原则及理性辩证法。

This part is a conclusion which expound the theoretic and realitic meaning of studying it. That is to say, it is very important to grasp the thought accurately, and its also an essential prerequisite to utilize the thought scientificly, and the basic principle to guide the socialist construction.

这部分是全文的归宿，阐明了研究"三个代表"重要思想方法论的理论意义和现实意义，即"三个代表"重要思想方法论是准确把握"三个代表"重要思想的钥匙，是科学运用"三个代表"重要思想的方法前提，是指导社会主义建设的基本方法原则。

The structure and function theory which took shape on the 30~th and 40~th of last century, and was in great prosperity function in the 60th is still the western sociology mainstream of methodology.

形成于上世纪30、40年代，鼎盛于60年代的功能分析方法论，至今仍是西方社会学方法论的主流。

According to the analysis, the process of urban planning method choice is incomplete rational which mainly influenced by urban planning theory, urban planning objective and requirement, the idea of urban planning participants, social consciousness and the acquirability of urban planning method.

对城市规划方法论的讨论则在有关方法论的内涵、构成的分析基础上，从规划方法抉择的理论和城市规划实用方法技术的角度展开论述。

Think commonly old system creed person use methodology is integral creed or collectivistic, new system creed person use methodology is individual creed or individualistic.

一般认为旧制度主义者使用的方法论是整体主义的或集体主义的，新制度主义者使用的方法论是个体主义的或个人主义的。

In chapter four, it makes clear that Hobsbawm bases historiographic methodology on Marxist scientific methodology, that is, historical materialism.

第四章 本章首先指出霍布斯鲍姆的历史方法论基础就是马克思主义的科学方法论，即历史唯物主义方法。

Starting from this point, it probes his view on historical research method and its significance to social science so as to reveal his reflections on the following questions from the angle of methodology: the relationship between historiography and social science; the methodological role that historical evidence and historiographic research method play in social science; the relationship between historiography and social science vs.

以此核心问题着手，探讨他关于历史研究方法的价值及其对社会科学的意义问题，从而展现他从方法论角度对以下问题的思考：历史学与社会科学的关系、历史的证据和史学研究方法对社会科学的方法论意义、历史学和社会科学与历史证据的关系等。

Such as L. Robbins who attempted to narrowly define the nature and the scope of economics, the neoclassical economics that sets up rational economics man as the fundamental assumption of behavior, Milton Friedman who maintained the notorious argument of irrelevancy of assumption, the professional economists who are obsessed in the self-help mathematical game in the name of the seemingly right positive studies, all of these efforts have so far never plausibly proved that the positive economics is built upon a solid foundation of methodology.

罗宾斯对经济学研究的性质和研究范围的狭窄界定，新古典经济学的高度简略化的&理性经济人&基本行为假设，弗里德曼的&假设不相关性&观点，乃至专业经济学家们似是而非的&实证&，以及在&实证&旗号下沉湎于数理&自助游戏&中所实际奉行的方法论形式主义，所有这些都未能令人信服地证明：实证经济学具备一个坚实可靠的方法论基础。

The contemporary methodology of jurisprudence, with the support of legal argument theory, litigable nature theory, methodology of jurisprudence concerning department law, ect., has realized its internal transcendence both at the internal resources level and the outside communication level.

中国政法大学，诉讼法学，2008年，博士当代法学方法论，通过法律论证理论、法律&可诉性&理论、法学方法论部门法化等，在内在资源、外在保障和沟通渠道等方面实现了内在超越。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。