方法论

Although the methodological connotation ofscientism went through three phases,i.e.mentalistic,behavioristic,and information-processing paradigms,and there were differences among these phases,all these paradigmstend to regard psychology as a natural science and,as so,advocate method-centrism,objectivism,and reductionism.

科学主义方法论的内涵虽然在不同的发展阶段存在差异，但均坚持心理学的自然科学取向并倡导方法中心论、客观范式和还原论。

The journal established in 1991, focuses on the field of macroecology: the study of broad, consistent patterns in the ecological characteristics of organisms and ecosystems, including studies addressing general ecological hypotheses, exploring and testing using data of broad geographic, taxonomic, or temporal scope; studies documenting ecological and biogeographic patterns, theoretical studies exploring the causes of those patterns, applied studies of impacts of anthropogenic influences, as well as methodological studies of the tools used to study these problems; broad-scale patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem responses to global climate change, historical and evolutionary biogeography, remote sensing of ecosystem properties, species abundance and species range patters, and statistical methodologies.

杂志创刊于1991年，主要致力于大生态学：生物体的生态学特征和生态系统广泛一致的研究，包括介绍普通生态学假设，通过地理学，分类学，或有限范围内的数据探索和试验的研究；验证生态学和生物地理学模式的研究，探索这些模式原因的理论研究，人为影响的应用研究，以及用于研究这些问题的工具的方法学研究；大尺度生物多样性模式的研究，生态系统对全球气候变化的反应，历史和进化生物地理学，生态系统的遥测，物种的丰度和物种变化模式，以及统计学方法论。

On existentialism, it is meaningful for us to establish a theoretical basis of the values of it. This is able to borh eliminate a variety of unhealthy tendencies and understand the beings in vocational education, promoting the quality of the beings\' life.

生存论揭示人的本真生存，借鉴生存论哲学研究方法论重建本真职业教育价值观，不仅能够弥补传统职业教育理论的缺陷，还能为重新认识职业教育理论中&人&、&促进人的生存质量提升&等核心观念提供新的理论基础。

This paper has done a deeply research on the evaluative method, which focus on maintaining and ensuring the camion. After deeply analyzing the maintain theory of army equipment and the stratagem 's characteristic and combining the current systems engineering evaluating theories and methods, it has analyzed and solved all limitations that coming forth when a single model is used to evaluate the maintain capacity. After analyzing and ameliorating the judgment of AHP's coherence, the calculation of the expert power value and the optimizing of the more-extreme judging model, a new calculation method, the multidimensional complex calculation theory, is presented, which much fits for the evaluative calculation of the camion. The new theory's feasibility and the evaluation's reliability have been proved in theory in this paper. This paper also analyses the principle and the program, which is about building a camion evaluating system. According to the multidimensional complex calculation theory, an evaluative model has been built. Applying the levels analytical method, this paper fixes on the calculation of every target's power, brings the optimization allot precept of macro spatial resource, optimizes the resource of the maintainability of theater of operations' vehicle, which offers a theory foundation for optimizing of the resource space. The research not only brings out a uniform standard for the evaluating of the maintain ability of the camion, but also presents a theory foundation and method for perfecting the camion maintain system.

本文对军用车辆维修保障能力评估的方法论进行了深入研究，在理论上通过对军事装备维修理论及战略特性的深入剖析，结合现有系统工程评估理论、评估方法的特点，分析解决了应用单一模型评估装备维修能力问题的各种缺陷，就AHP法判断矩阵一致性判定，群策专家权重值的确认及多元评判模型的优化进行了研究和改进，形成了适应军事车辆维修保障能力评估应用的新算法--多元复合算法理论，对这一创新评价理论的科学性及评估可靠性进行了理论证明和算法应用；研究分析了建立军用汽车维修保障能力评估指标体系的原则和程序，并按照多元复合算法的理论，建立了车辆维修保障能力评估模型；应用层次分析法的原理，明确了各指标权重的算法，提出了宏观空间维修资源优化分配方案，优化了战区车辆装备维修能力资源空间，为某一具体车辆装备维修能力形成所需维修资源空间的优化提供了理论依据；本文的研究既为军用车辆装备维修保障能力评估提供了统一的衡量标准，也为军事装备维修保障系统的进一步完善提供了理论依据及方法手段。

In order to show the expansion of the CISE, the author combine their KUs into one system.

例如CM方法论中的学习机制和CISE中的人机交互的研究等。

The author implement two systems based on CISE: The system of telephone number positioning in electronic maps and the system of geographical maps recognization. They are in different fields with different characters.

在对CM方法论和CISE环境的研究开发过程中，由于时间和精力等方面的原因，作者感到尚存在许多的方面需要进一步的进行研究。

Their conceptuality is manifest in the temporal and spatial criss-crossing and overlapping images. For instance, in his work, life means mundane everyday life while human characters embody today's sense of reality. Counter-intuitively, this sense of 'present' is expressed by ancient techniques and stylistic expressions. Moreover, the stylistic formulation of human characters in his works derives from the fresco painting of Yongle Temple in Shanxi. This is particularly manifest in the graphic forms of faces and hands. Meanwhile by utilizing various surface treatments, the artist has also managed to create a variegated effect of textures that resembles ancient fresco painting.

当代性在于他对于现实生活的关注、表现和当代艺术方法论意义上的个人语汇的形成；而观念性则体现在对于时空切换瞬间的交叉和影像的重叠，例如，生活是当代的世俗生活，人物体现了今天的现实感觉；但表现方法却是一千年前的，人物的造型手法是山西永乐宫壁画，脸和手的造型尤其接近；更为特殊的是，通过各种手法的肌理处理，艺术家甚至将画面制造成古代壁画的斑驳效果。

On the one hand,the gradually intensification of contradictious between human and nature,persons and persons,person and itself causes ecological crisis and social turbulences.

其对人文地理学哲学的影响主要表现在三个方面：对科学技术和理性的反动导致非理性主义的泛滥；从结构主义到后结构主义以及把人文地理学研究当作一个文本解构、阅读和建构的过程为我们提供了新的方法论视野；非理性的人本主义的发展为解决区域问题提供了新的思路。

Lastly,she bring forword a ragged contrapose writing technique that have methodology meaning and apocalypse.

四是参差对照的写法：她提出一种&参差的对照&的写法，认为这样写是更真实的。她所提出的&参差的对照&有方法论的意义和启示。

Researching of educational economics methodology, which is a young subject, not only is beneficial for promoting the mature and criterional development of the subject, and is the necessary requirement of discipline construction, but also is very important to promote the subject to becoming a real interdisciplinarity.

对于教育经济学这样一门年轻的学科来说，进行方法论研究，不仅有利于促进学科的规范和成熟，是学科建设的必然要求，更重要的意义在于促使其发展成为一门真正的交叉学科。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。