方法论

Firstly,the emphysis of culture research has transformed from apriorism into objective reality.Secondly,the purpose of culture research has transformed from cognition of culture into application of culture.

从方法论上看，文化研究的范式转变体现了方法论上的进步，主要表现在以下几个方面：一是文化的研究重心从先验的抽象实体转向现实的生活实践，二是研究的目的从单纯的文化认识转向文化的应用，三是研究视野从地域性文化转向全球性文化。

Similarity principle in the light of methodology has important enlightenment significance for the way of natural science and arts.

休谟把这样的一种原则上升到方法论的层面，对于自然科学和人文科学方法论研究都具有重要的启发意义。

The research follows therule of the formation of property right conflicts-the assuagement of the conflicts-the settlement of the conflicts,and explores judicial methodology by employing acombination of methods such as legal history method,norm comparison,genreresearch,legal explanation,etc.

本文依循一种从冲突到解决冲突到寻求司法方法论的思路，综合运用了法历史研究、规范比较，类型化研究、法律解释学等手段，对选取的几种不动产冲突模型进行了规范分析和价值分析，力求发现解决不动产物权冲突的一般性规则、原则以及司法方法论。

Second, we note that the chapeau of Article 2.2.2 provides that where the methodology in the chapeau 'cannot' be used, one of the methodologies in subparagraphs, or 'may' be used.

第二，我们注意到，条款2.2.2的首段规定，当款中的方法论'可能'被应用的时候，起首条款中的方法论'不能'被应用。

So Japanese mathematics during this period is a simple copy of Chinese traditional mathematics.

由此可见，算法的方法论意义。关于中国传统数学的审美思想的方法论意义。

Wang Xijie, and then raise the "metalinguistic figure" in Chinese language by the way of combining the principle of differentiating metalanguage from object language and delving into metalinguistic cases of daily communications, such as mobile telephone messages in order to specifically analyze the phenomena of positive or negative deviation, potentiality and conspicuity. The dissertation reaches conclusions as follows: It is necessary to keep the principle of differentiating metalanguage and object language, which behaves as the foundation of scientific linguistics and the stereotype of language.

作为方法论原则的元语言理论》一文通过以上各章的研究，得出如下结论：区分元语言和对象语言是语言研究中必须坚持的一条方法论原则，它既是科学的语言学的重要保障，又是语言中的一个"不变量"；元语言是语言学深层次的基础问题，元语言研究有助于更好地揭示语言的本质与机制，并进一步推动语言学各分支学科理论的科学化、形式化和系统化。

In chapters 1-3, some typical models of western school change in the 20〓century are commented on. The author analyses emphatically the characteristics oftheories for change and strategies in Dewey's Chicago experimental school,Montessori's Children's Home and Neil's Summer Hill School in the upper halfcentury. The methodology on change in that period are summarized as changing theschools in the way of innovation, enriching the strategies for change with theexperimental methodological thoughts, surpassing the antithesis between twoextremes with the thinking principle of continuity.

1-3章评述了20世纪西方学校变革的若干典型范例，首先重点分析了上半世纪杜威的芝加哥实验学校、蒙台梭利的儿童之家和尼尔的萨默希尔学校在变革理论和策略上的特征，概括出这一时期的变革方法论主要特征，即以革新的方式变革学校，以实验方法论思想丰富变革策略，以思维的连续性原则超越传统思维的二元对立。

In the early stage of Christianity, the patricians inherited the essence of Greek philosophy accompanied with the methodology of it, and reconciled it with the theology of Christianity, thus the trandition of Greek philosophy found its carrier in Christian theology, at the same time, it provided methodology for the development of dogmatics.

基督教早期的教父在吸收希腊哲学精髓的同时完成古希腊哲学和基督教神学的对接，从而把希腊哲学中的方法论引入基督教的神学中，使古希腊哲学的传承有了实际的载体，同时古希腊哲学也为教义学不断的发展提供了必不可少的方法论。

When audience face these images, it is natural to invoke the memory of source images, and it is such basic memory or source images intention that produce the reaction and confrontation to Xu's works, spur his works to enter audience's habitual recognition of images, and combine thinking with image cognition to form new interpretation of images, as to highlight the dubiety of source images and to increase the possible reinterpretation of source images, but the artist's conceptual interference is not close-ended but discloses the mechanism of contemporary image reading: i.e. the interaction between image and audience, as result such works are the presence of artistic conception but the absence of artist and that artist doesn't stress the input of personal experience into the work, but looks for the methodology of image-construction and the combination of thinking methods for creating the entity of joint between image and language.

当观众面对这些图像时，很自然地唤起对原有图像的记忆，正是这种基本记忆或原图像意图的捕捉对许昌昌的作品产生了反作用和对抗，促使作品图像进入到观众的图像识别习惯中，将思考与图像认知结合，形成新的图像阐释，既是突出原图像的可疑性，又增加了对原图像的重新解释的可能性，但艺术家的观念介入并不是封闭的，而是敞开了当代图像阅读的机制：即图像与观众的互动性，这样的作品是艺术观念在场而艺术家缺席，艺术家不强调个人生活经验进入作品，而是寻求图像构成的方法论和思维方法论的结合，创造图像与语言切合的实体。

First, the paper discusses Bukharin's methods in the analysis of economy in the transitional period.

本文首先研究了布哈林分析过渡时期经济时运用的方法论，认为他的方法论包括三方面的内容：（1）对马克思经济学方法论的概括和运用；（2）强调抽象法在过渡时期经济分析中的必要性；（3）以经济平衡观考察过渡时期的经济运行规律，区分了动态平衡与静态平衡。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了