方法论

The western classical aesthetical methodology is based on natural science, including rationalist deductive method and empirical inductive method.

西方古典美学方法论是以自然科学为蓝本的，包括理性主义的演绎方法和经验主义的归纳方法。现代人文科学方法论建立后，西方美学方法论转向了体验-理解的方法，如现象学美学、解释学美学就是如此。

But as most of the researchers haven't, by penetrating critiques of and reflections upon the traditional intellectualist methodology in the Western,come up to their high level of consciousness of the methodology used by themselves,this essay emphasizes that,only by the radical transforming this intellectualist methodology,which is constituted by the basic inclinations embodied by the theory of preformation,thinking modes,and research patterns in the Western intellectualism,and by sublating this kind of methodology by the methodology of the Social Individual Growing-up Theory,can the researches of philosophy of action go more smoothly and get numerous significant achievements.

不过，由于绝大多数研究者都没有通过对惟理智主义研究方法论的深刻批判反思而达到方法论的自觉，所以，只有真正实现了对由基本倾向、思维方式和研究模式构成的研究方法论的彻底变革，这样的突破才是可能的；本文认为，以社会个体生成论彻底扬弃和取代基于抽象个体的预成论，是实现这种变革的富有建设性意义的学术理路。客观决定性，意志自由，预成论，第一人称哲学，社会个体生成论

However, most of the researchers failed in producing penetrating critiques of and reflections upon the traditional intellectualist methodology in the Western world and moving to a higher plane of consciousness of the methodology. This essay emphasizes that only through the radical transforming of this intellectualist methodology, which is constituted by the basic inclinations embodied by the theory of performation, thinking modes and research patterns in the Western intellectualism, and through sublating this kind of methodology by the methodology of the social individual growing-up theory can the researches of philosophy of action go more smoothly and get numerous significant achievements.

不过，由于绝大多数研究者都没有通过对惟理智主义研究方法论的深刻批判反思而达到方法论的自觉，所以，只有真正实现了对由基本倾向、思维方式和研究模式构成的研究方法论的彻底变革，这样的突破才是可能的；本文认为，以社会个体生成论彻底扬弃和取代基于抽象个体的预成论，是实现这种变革的富有建设性意义的学术理路。

Especially in the decision of Linotype, it is needed to note that the conclusion has been obtained on the basis of real structure of concrete corporations which might carry no meaning at all in the conventional methodology.

首先，从法学方法论的角度来看，第一，该判例采用的是对法现实承认规范力的方法论，而不是法实证主义方法论；第二，在无明文规定的情况下，法院以法续造的方法来承认了股东诚信义务。

Through the study of the trends of development of modern Western science methodology, the paper analyses the main features of three methodological models: prestippositionalist model of logics , relativist model of history and integrated model of logics and history.

本文以马克思主义观点审视现代西方科学方法论的演变趋势，揭示了现代西方科学方法论三大模型——预设主义的逻辑模型、相对主义的历史模型以及逻辑与历史相结合模型——的主要特征，并对西方各派方法论的成就与兴衰的缘由，作出了理论的概括和系统的评估。

This article begins from the methodological features of structural realism and then analyses the ontological status of sapcetime point in the debate of spacetime realism and advantages and disadvantanges of structural realism.And finally,we discuss the main forms of structual spacetime realism and their methodological features,point out a holism trend on the basis of semantical concep...

文章从阐述结构实在论的方法论特征开始，继而分析了时空本体论争论中时空点的地位、结构实在论方法的可能优势及不足，最后探讨目前存在的结构时空实在论的主要形式及其方法论特征，指出一种语义概念下的整体主义方法论趋向。

He made a comparative analysis on Chinese nominalistic logic with Western Aristotles logic and Indian classical logic, and revealed the main content of logic of Moism, including basic concept, principle of inference, induction ect.

本文拟从以下几个方面对梁启超的逻辑——方法论思想进行分析评述： 1、梁启超取得逻辑——方法论研究成就的历史条件：①清代诸子学的考证训诂成果使《墨子》一书稍可读通；②西学输入促进了梁启超对中国古典逻辑的研究；③研究墨学和科学的逻辑方法，为宣传维新变法思想提供方法论武器；④梁启超对墨子及墨家学说的主观偏爱。

EME upholds the view of hierarchical structure of methodology, and orientates itself as "theories of middle range", reflects the characteristic of "intermediary"s thinking on epistemology, and finishes the transition and link between the methodology and the practice of moral education.

工程德育学作为一种现代德育方法论，认同德育方法论的层次结构的观点，将自身定位于&中层理论&层面，在认识论上反映出&中介思维&的特点，从而完成哲学方法论与德育实践操作的过渡与衔接。

Although the individualism methodology is always aprinciple in main stream western economics,it is continuouslycriticized by some branches of economics.With the fusion ofmodern science and economics,the wholism methodology is paidmore and more attention by economists.

虽然经济学方法论的个体主义一直是西方主流经济学的一个方法论原则，但是它始终受到了非主流经济学的批判，并且随着现代科学与经济学结合的日益加深，整体主义方法论越来越受到经济学家的重视。

Then it systematically discusses the methodology of the law of game and gives a method principle to explain teleonomy with the law of game.

在对博弈律方法论所做出的全面分析的基础上，论证了把这种从人类社会实践中总结、抽象出来的方法论原则运用于自然领域的可能性，并给出了博弈律方法论所涉及的若干概念（如规则、机遇、策略、报酬、大数、稳定、突变、选择、适者、进化、目的等）和对合目的性的解释方法和原则。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。