方法论

By the historical and methodological pondering over the development process of modern physics,based on the research work done by Arndt,Zurek,Brune,Myatt and so on,the problem of the wave-particle duality,the boundary between classic physicsand quantum physicsand the quantum decoherence of object particles is extended to the boundary of electromagnetic fields between classic and quantum in this paper.

本文通过对现代物理学发展过程的历史学与方法论反思，在阿恩特、哲瑞克、布鲁尼、莫雅特等人工作的基础上把实物粒子的波粒二象性、经典物理与量子物理的界限以及量子退相干问题推进到了电磁场的经典与量子界面上，并就反康普顿散射的经典理论与量子理论进行了比较研究，发现了洛仑兹-康普顿佯谬并设计了一个敏感而可行的双胜判决性实验。

These are problems of axiology, not of the methodologies of empirical disciplines.

这些都是价值论问题，不是经验学科的方法论问题。

This article analyses the issue logically from the points of view of noumenon,axiology,and methodology.

本文以此为逻辑起点，从后现代写作的本体论、价值论、方法论三个层次展开对其合理性的分析。

In the aspect of forming theories, WM adopts axiomatic ways, while TCM adopts methods of thought models. Therefore, from the methodology of general science, we believe that the chief characteristic of WM is the axiomatic logical deduction adding experimenting system.

因此从一般科学方法论上看，西医总的特征是公理化的逻辑推演加实验系统，中医总的特征是取象比类的思维模型加经验系统。

LK affirms that logic is a universal method.If logic can be amathematical method,it can surely be used as a way to identify knowledge concept,atool of deduction and the method of knowledge system axiomatization.

知识逻辑主义"断言逻辑是一种普遍的方法，逻辑既然能成为数学的方法，就必然能为任何知识系统提供方法论，可以成为定义知识概念的方法、知识，推演的工具和知识体系公理化的方法。"

The economics methodology has formed a whole battery of analytical framework and tool under the influence of scientific philosophy, which is characterized by logic positivism, negativism and historical materialism. The fundamental characteristics of the economics methodology are based on the axiomatization positive logic deductive method, which assumes the rational human being as its hypothetic premise. The most remarkable characteristic of the economics methodology is the general application of mathematics in economics and it is developing forward to the more accurate and magnificent system.

特别是在以逻辑实证主义、证伪主义和历史主义为代表的科学哲学的影响下，经济学的方法论已经发展出一整套的分析框架与工具，基本特征是建立在"理性人"假设基础上的公理化的实证的逻辑演绎方法，最突出的表现是数学在经济学中的广泛应用，并正在向着更为精密与恢弘的体系演进。

American social science found itself suddenly without an overarching theory, and began its subsequent slide into its current methodological Balkanization.

美国社会科学突然发现自己没有了涵盖一切的理论，开始后来陷入当今方法论巴尔干化的衰落过程。

Some, like Bureau of Land Management Regional Historian Carl Barna, argued that, Public History is not a movement, nor a methodology, nor an approach.

一部分人，如土地管理局的地方史学家Carl Barna认为：公众史学既不是一场运动，也不是一种方法论或途径。

These thoughts showed striking differences from traditional folklore study in research subject and methodology, therefore arousing great interest in experts and scholars.In 1975 on the occasion of the hundredth publication of an academic journal Japanese Folklore, the Folklore Society of Japan decided to publish a trend special biyearly, aiming at keep track of study trend periodically, summarizing research results, guiding the development of folklore study and offer suggestions on study trend.

它们在研究对象和方法论构成上都与以往的民俗学研究表现出显著的差异，从而引发了学者们的极大关注。1975年以学会期刊《日本民俗学》发行第100期为契机，日本民俗学会推出了每两年一次的研究动向专刊，旨在定期地把握研究动向，总结研究成果，指导民俗学的发展，对研究方向提出前瞻性建议。

This article unified the customer personalization demand the characteristic, the existence question as well as the production and the dispatch production management system has done the preliminary research, the union case analysis based on the customer personalization demand production and the dispatch to the economic development function, narrated and commented the existing some production scheduling method, proposed that the utilization blending inheritance algorithm solution based on the customer personalization demand's production scheduling question's methodology, has simultaneously established take the customer demand as the guidance production scheduling architecture.

本文结合顾客个性化需求的特点、存在的问题以及生产与调度生产管理系统做了初步的研究，结合案例分析基于顾客个性化需求的生产与调度对经济发展的作用，评述已有的一些生产调度方法，提出运用混合遗传算法解决基于顾客个性化需求的生产调度问题的方法论，同时建立了以顾客需求为导向的生产调度体系结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。