方法的

The simulation method based on the measures of disproportionality theory can be extended, and the simulation data generated can be applied very abroad. It is an important and practicable method to provide simulation data to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity, merit and shortcoming, feasibility and practicability of various methods of detecting adverse drug reaction signal.

基于不相称性测定理论的数据模拟方法仿真性、扩展性和可控制性强，能够广泛适用于各种信号检测方法，对研究各种方法的灵敏度和特异度、优点和缺点以及应用的可行性和实用性等具有十分重要的意义。

spectrophotometric method with phenol disulfonic acid ; ultraviolet spectrophotometer ; nitrate nitrogen ; comparison

本文通过对常用的酚二磺酸光度法和紫外分光光度法进行实验比对，同时调查云南省内两种分析方法考核的情况，从而找出两种方法的优缺点，供分析人员在实践中借鉴。l原理1.1酚二磺酸光度法测定的原理方法依据：GB7480一87《水质硝酸盐氮的测定酚二磺酸分光光度法》。用浓硫酸与苯酚作用生成酚二磺酸

By successfully introducing the idea of divide and conquer,the method divides a whole ETS into two segments according to the number of predicates and searches dividedly to decrease the code under suspicion.

该方法在已有基于ETS的故障定位方法的基础上引入分治策略，按照谓词分段的方法，把ETS逐步分段检测，从而逐步排除无故障的代码。

Through the discussion of the study history of memory, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward, the concept of memory was clarified, the latest research of brain science was reviewed; On this basis, memory types and its measurement, memory process and its rules were studied documentarily and generalized systematically; This research analysed emphatically and concluded general and special methods of memory, the functions, usage means and applied scopes of many kinds of scientific memory methods were explored deeply with some typical psychology experimental results; Then affects of objective factors included external environment and material characteristics, subjective factors such as purpose, attention, emotion, knowledge, confidence and so on , were examined deeply; At last, it studied and analysed the cultivation and training of memory, practical usage of scientific memory methods, and put forward educational suggestions and training measures.

首先从记忆的研究历史切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，阐明了记忆的概念、综述了记忆脑科学方面的最新进展；在此基础上，对记忆的分类与测量、基本过程与规律进行了文献研究与系统概括；着重分析并归结出了记忆的一般方法与特殊方法，结合代表性的心理学实验成果深入分析了各种科学记忆方法的功用、具体操作方法及应用范围；深入剖析了外部情境、材料特征等客观因素及目的、注意、情绪、知识、信心等主观因素对记忆的影响；最后在先前诸研究的基础上，对记忆的培养与训练及记忆术的实际应用加以分析和研究，提出了记忆培养训练的具体措施与教育建议，并实例说明了记忆术的具体应用。

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

Finally, some limitations of Krylov subspace methods and some potential improvements to this type of methods are furtherly presented.

计算结果表明本文的预处理GMRES方法优于目前使用较多的预处理正交极小化ORTHMIN方法，最后还讨论了投影类方法的局限和今后的可能发展方向。

In this paper, methods for density detection, viability assessment and species characterization are introduced, and performances are evaluated and compared. Finally, a package of analytical methods for systematic research of Cryptosporidum and Giardia are suggested.

对两虫问题的系统研究离不开有效的检测手段，分别对两虫的密度检测、活性分析和种类鉴定方法进行了系统介绍，并对各种检测方法的优缺点进行说明和比较，进而提出了两虫的成套分析方法。

Based on the analysis and comparison of various methods of mensuration of effective ingredients of indigowoad root,phenol-vitriolic colorimetry has been choosen to be the method of mensuration of amylose in indigowoad root, and standard amylose graph has been made,in which c=22.476A+0.5309, correlation rate r=0.9970; Direct colorimetry has been choosen to be the method of mensuration of indigotin and Indirubin,and based on all above,the maximal absorb wavelenghes of indigotin and Indirubin have been determined through experiment.

在分析比较各种板蓝根有效成分测定方法的基础上，选用苯酚-硫酸比色法作为板蓝根多糖的定量测定方法，作山了多糖的标准曲线：c=22.476A+0.5309，其相关系数r=0.9970；选择直接比色测定法作为靛蓝、靛玉红的测定方法，并在此基础上通过试验确定了靛蓝、靛玉红的最大吸收波长及显色稳定性。

Finally three kinds of usual methods to determinate the limit values for axial compression ratio of frame columns, their merits and shortcomings are analyzed according to comparison and in the end this paper adopts the measure of curvature ductility to determinate the limit values for axial compression ratio of the arbitrarily inequiaxial special-shaped R.C columns.

最后介绍了目前确定框架柱轴压比限值常用的三种方法，并对比了三种方法的优缺点，最终采用延性度量的方法确定了不等肢异形柱的轴压比限值，对实际工程具有很好的参考价值。

Based on the equilibrium equation, the states of self-stress and the modes of inextensional mechanisms are solved by the singular value decomposition method.

在建立空间杆件体系平衡方程的基础上，采用广义逆方法求解各种情况下的平衡方程，采用奇异值分解方法求解索杆的机构位移模态和自应力模态，并推导了力密度方法的基本公式。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。