方法

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

In the Sixth Chapter, the Wavelet analysis method is introduced in discussing some acoustic imaging problems related to the physical background of the ultrasonic detection. In the light of the solution of some theoretical problem in the 2D Wavelet transmission of two components form, the enhancement and identification of the spotty and fibriform faults of the acoutic image, along with two acoustic image deblurring methods based respectively on the acoustic physical feature analysis and the acoustic image's spatial feature analysis of the object, are realized. Therefore the image degeneration problem resulting from the acoustic beam diffusion or the acoustic focus diffusion in the ultrasonic detection are effectively improved. The software for this purpose has also been developed.

第六章首次应用小波分析的方法，研究了与超声检测的物理背景有关的一些声象处理问题，在解决了二分量形式的二维小波变换中的一些理论问题的基础上，建立起了对声象中点状和线状缺陷目标的增强与分离方法，以及分别基于目标的声学物理特征分析和基于目标声象空间特征分析的二种声象弥散消除方法，实验分析结果表明，这种方法较好地解决了超声检测中由于声束截面或声焦点扩散所造成的成象退化问题。

In this review, the DPD simulation method was briefly presented. Two mapping methods between real systems and DPD model, i.e. mapping method developed by Groot and Warren and that by Pagonabarraga and Frenkel, were introduced.

首先简要介绍了DPD模拟方法，然后介绍了实际物系与DPD模型映射的2种方法，即Groot和Warren方法以及Pagonabarraga和Frenkel方法。

The methods used for collecting samples and establishing specific HAB cultures are described in detail. Methods of SEM and ESEM (environmental scanning electron microscope) for Gymnodinium were developed an...

建立了赤潮监测中样品采集处理、分离和纯化培养的技术体系；建立和优化了裸甲藻扫描电镜观察技术和环境样品的扫描电镜观察方法；提出了库尔特计数是相对简便、快捷、准确、可行的细胞计数方法；应用基于反相高效液相色谱的光合色素分析技术及原位荧光激发光谱测定方法，得出不同类群浮游植物对不同的营养盐限制存在不同响应机制的结论；用荧光强度来监测浮游植物生理状态及营养状态变化具有一定的可行性，HPLC和原位荧光两种方法指示浮游植物的生理状态存在一定差异。2。

The enterprise"ssustainable development"s ability is the evaluation of the enterprise"s succeed development,using method of ability index;The enterprise"s sustainable development"s coordination is the evaluation of the enterprise"s accomplishment and performance,using method of the grade misty;The enterprise"s support of exterior environment is the macroscopic support evaluation of the enterprise"s development,using the method of EFE and using "property -Hability" to analysis the enterprises advantages ans disadvantages .

企业持续发展能力评价是对企业后继发展动力的评价，采用了能力指数方法进行评价；企业协调性评价是对企业所创造的效绩评价，采用模糊等级评价方法进行评价；外部环境评价是对企业发展宏观支持性的评价，采用外部因素评价矩阵方法进行了评价，并用&资产--负债&分析方法对企业的优势环境和劣势环境进行了进一步分析。

The spatial distribution of correlation coefficient between hindcast and observation shows that high value areas are different among these methods. So it is hard to say which method is better than others. Thus three predicted results should be considered as well as distribution of correlation coefficient before final extreme high temperature prediction. The predictions by these methods for July, 2007 were generally close to the observation.

并以相关系数为衡量指标，应用交叉检验方法对三种方法的预测效果进行分析，结果表明不同方法高相关区的空间分布存在差异，在进行高温预测时，应综合各方法高相关区的预测结果给出综合预测意见。

Needle taking place is commonly used the rescue that changes cure and danger to weigh a patient at patient of children, tumour, in infusion, because secure not firm outside can bringing about syringe needle slippery haemorrhage to be in charge of, cause local strut, aching, serious person can send infiltration of the certain pharmaceuticals that change cure to cause subcutaneous tissue hypodermically necrotic or the liquid cannot be defeated in time note and illness of incur loss through delay, new puncture increases the patient's anguish not only, also increased economic burden to also can be affected at the same time to the patient nurse working quality, the course relapses clinical experiment, my division adopts vein to accept the annular and fixed method of buy needle, obtained better result, introduce as follows now. 1 method is taken fixed stick (needle taking place is deployed) together, the disinfection that wide 10cm controls wraps cloth, two paragraphs of end are seamed on after sticking glue to buckle vein to leave buy needle puncture to succeed, convention is secured with adhesive plaster, next the ground degree of tightness will take stalk of handle of buy pinhead, needle, needle to be in firmly aptly fixed and fixed stick , next annular in blood-vessel twine stick on stick buckle. 2 experience apply this method to secure vein to left buy needle method to reduce the patient's anguish, reduced cost, provided mobile space for the patient, also avoid heparin cap prolapse, still facilitate observation puncture is nodded, do not affect hematic use, gauze pad can alleviate heparin cap is oppressive and unwell, reduce infusion pollution.

概要： 留置针常用于小儿、肿瘤患者化疗及危重患者的抢救，在输液中，由于固定不牢可导致针头滑出血管外，引起局部肿胀，疼痛，严重者可致某些化疗药物渗入皮下造成皮下组织坏死或液体不能及时输注而延误病情，重新穿刺不仅增加病人的痛苦，也给病人增加了经济负担同时也会影响护理工作质量，经过反复临床实验，我科采取静脉留置针的环形固定方法，取得了较好的效果，现介绍如下。1方法取固定贴一块，宽10cm左右的消毒包布，两段端缝上粘胶扣静脉留置针穿刺成功后，常规用胶布固定，然后将根据松紧适宜将留置针头、针柄、针梗处牢牢固定固定贴，然后在血管中环形缠绕粘上粘扣。2心得应用此方法固定静脉留置针方法减少了患者的痛苦，降低了费用，为患者提供了活动的空间，也避免肝素帽脱垂，还便于观察穿刺点，不影响血运，纱布衬垫可缓解肝素帽压迫不适，减少输液污染。

The article proposes a Rough set concept of impartibility pattern of the properties and their relationships, which is based on the theoryof properties reduction by use of the method of matrixs. The article presents a method of condition property and values of the property reduction.

摘 要：基于属性约简的分明矩阵方法的思想，该文提出了Rough 集不可分明属性模式和属性关系的概念，给出了基于二进制的条件属性约简和属性值约简方法，结果说明，该方法比传统的Rough 集理论中的方法更简便、快捷。

The second approach is using intensional methods to represent the dependency relationships among knowledge representing spaces.

为了解决基于规则外延方法的局限性，针对人工智能中的两大学派（连接主义学派和符号主义学派），目前有两种研究策略，一种是用神经元网或基于实例的推理方法来改进基于规则外延推理方法的健壮性；另一种是用内涵的方法来刻划知识表示空间之间的依赖关系。

Z2Bn z$e0A0 Meshless method is a new numerical computation method that is developed rapidly in recent years. Without element mesh and based on the dispersed nodes to form approximate interpolative function dynamically, meshless method has distinct difference with traditional finite element method. Meshless method conquers the problems caused by mesh generation, mesh aberration and mesh move. With provides a new effective means to engineering problem, meshless method obtain highly recognition in international compute mechanics domain and engineering field.

6L！y6K1Q6h0k0 无网格方法是近年来迅速发展起来的一类新型数值计算方法，它们不借助单元网格而是基于离散结点动态构造近似插值函数，与传统的有限元方法有着显著的区别，克服了网格生成、网格畸变和网格移动引起的问题并为工程问题提供了一种新的有效分析方法，受到了国际计算力学界和工程界的高度重视。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。