新现实主义的

This paper is trying to make a comprehensive and systematic study on the following subjects: the development history of Latin-American Magic-Realism and its acceptance in China; the relationship of Latin-American Magic-Realism and Chinese literature in the new period.

本文试图在这一影响取得时间距离后，重新在新时期中国文学发展的历史潮流中，以拉美魔幻现实主义为参照系，对拉美魔幻现实主义的发展，在中国的接受情况及与新时期中国文学的关系作一个全面的梳理。

Applying the standard to the appraisal of neorealism, the thesis concludes that neorealism remains to possess powerful explanatory capability and dominate the development of IR systematic theories.

通过从这两方面评估新现实主义，本文认为新现实主义仍然具有强大的解释力，它仍然支配着国际政治体系理论的发展。

In 5 century B.C., ancient Grecian historian Thucydides had ever described this case . In the early 1950's, American and Britain scholars John Herz and Herbert Butterfield formally put forward this concept. Because of the cold war between America and Soviet, at the same time, realism and neorealism lying in the leading position of international relations theory academia, security dilemma plays eminent role in interstate relations after World War Two.

早在公元前5世纪古希腊历史学家修昔底德就对这一情形有所描述。20世纪50年代初，美英学者赫兹和巴特菲尔德正式提出这一概念，由于美苏两个超级大国爆发冷战、对峙乃至军备竞赛，以及现实主义和新现实主义在国际关系理论界居主导地位，"安全困境"在战后国际关系中发挥着显赫的作用。

The first part mainly introduces the definition, construction and appraisal of scientific theories. The second part analyzes the process of construction of neorealism. The third part, in static perspective, displays falsifiablilty, parsimony and logical coherence of neorealism that is the logical standard with which scientific theories must accord.

第一部分，从科学方法论的角度，总体介绍科学理论的概念、建构和评价；第二部分，解读新现实主义科学理论的建构过程；第三部分，从静态的角度考察新现实主义理论的"可证伪性"、"简约性"和"逻辑一致性"，上述三大特点是科学理论必须具备的逻辑标准。

Above of all, the paper briefly introduces the developing sequence of the realism, including classic realism, neorealism or structural realism, and neoclassic realism, offensive realism, and defensive realism.

文章首先综述了现实主义的发展脉络，包括：传统现实主义(或古典现实主义、经典现实主义)、新现实主义以及新古典现实主义、防御性现实主义和进攻性现实主义。

Although realism, neorealism, idealism, neoliberal institutionalism and world system theory could be refereed sometimes in this study, these IR theories could not proved a systematic framework for studying EUs CTAI.

国际关系理论中的现实主义和新现实主义、理想主义和新自由制度主义以及世界体系理论虽然也为本文的研究提供了一定的借鉴，但都无法确立研究欧盟国际行为能力的系统分析框架。

This thesis contains three parts.The first part is to explore the polemics of national interests on viewpoints and research methods between idealism and realism.The second part emphasises on study the innovation of research approach on national interests adv ocated by Behaviorism,and traditionalistic revise on its standpoints and research methods under the influence of this.

全文主要分为三个部分：第一部分，主要考察了理想主义和传统现实主义围绕国家利益这个概念在观点上的论争；第二部分，着重探讨了科学行为主义对国家利益研究方法的革新，以及传统主义受其影响的观点与方法修正；第三部分，重点论述了新现实主义与新自由主义关于国家利益的逻辑推导和主要观点，以及建构主义在对理性主义范式批判的基础上所形成的议程焦点。

Except for the development and the inheritance to the realism theory, the theoretical value of offensive realism embody in dovetailing with the national strategy of Bush-administration from following three aspects: new safety view , military strategy and single side principle.

进攻性现实主义的理论价值除了体现在以上对现实主义理论的继承与发展上，同时也表现为这一理论在新安全观、军事战略和单边主义等方面与布什政府国家战略的吻合。

This dissertation has 7 chapters. Chapter One introduces the tradition of historical narration in Chinese literature, discusses the relationship between fiction and historical narration, and the historical view of humanism in traditional novels. Chapter Two analyzes the historical view in contemporary red narrative, the origin of red historical compilation, hypo-realism in red novels of officers, and the features of taking personal narrative as revolutionary narrative etc. the song of youth is taken as an example to illustrate the secret of changing little burgesses narrative into revolutionary narrative. Chapter Three focuses on re-emergence and changes of enlightenment historical narrative and the historical sense of enlightenment. Tibet, implied times and the family of red corn are taken as examples to illustrate the features of changing from enlightenment historicism to new historicism. Chapter Four examines the phenomena and characteristics of new historicism narrative. The following chapter concerns the historical narrative by Yu Hua and Mo Yan, and historical sense of quasi-new historicism in Wang Anyi's Changhenge.

正文共分七章，第一章是对&中国文学中的历史叙事传统&的追溯：探讨了中国文学中&小说&这一文类与&历史叙事&之间的渊源关系，传统小说中的人本主义与生命本体论的历史观、其悲剧本质的历史诗学与美学理念、其循环论与非主流的历史伦理：第二章是对&当代红色叙事中的历史观&的分析：探讨了其&红色历史编纂学&的由来，红色官史小说中的&伪现实主义&、&把个人叙事装饰为革命叙事&的特点、其&革命&外表下装裹着的&旧式&的叙事模型等等，还以《青春之歌》为例分析了由小布尔乔亚叙事改装为革命叙事的奥秘：第三章是对&启蒙历史叙事的重现与转型&的梳理：分析了寻根文学中所包含的启蒙历史主义意识一一从最早的民俗学趣味、到寻根诗歌中&文化民族主义&的突然高涨、还有寻根小说中所包含的各种新型的历史思想，还以稍后的扎西达娃的《西藏，隐秘岁月》和莫言的《红高粱家族》为例，探讨了其由启蒙历史主义向新历史主义过渡的特点：第四章是对&新历史主义叙事的现象与特征&的分析，先是梳理了新历史主义文学思潮从八十年代后期到九十年代末期所出现的大量现象和演变的轨迹，而后分析了各种类型的新历史主义叙事的特征，其基本尺度、还有&新&与&旧&的关系等等；此后第五、六、七章分别就余华和莫言的历史叙事、还有王安忆的《长恨歌》中的类似新历史主义的历史意识进行了分析。

It is a paradox that at a time when the most critically esteemed western films were neorealist in style, the Japanese barely exported their supremely realistic home dramas or presented examples of a then-thriving tradition of left- leaning, socially conscious films.

矛盾的是，在大部分为评论界所尊崇的西方电影属于新现实主义风格之际，日本人却很少将其现实主义程度极高的家庭片推向海外，也鲜有关怀社会的左倾电影这一于日后兴盛之传统的范例。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。