新现实主义

This writer suggests that the change and development of the Chinese contemporary literature could be understood with the study on idealistic thought of realism literature in China contemporary period.

新时期以来的现实主义在深刻的反思、怀疑、批判的社会情境中，曾经面对真正严峻的危机与考验。

Ordinary glass beads in the hands of an extraordinary artist can become a powerful mediun of expression ..you are holding the proof in your hands ,as you turn the pages of this book,you'll tour a truly dazzling gallery of creations that take beadwork to a whole new level .You will see astonishing necklaces,bracelets,shoes,and bags,---and you'll also see bead-work carried far beyond its conventional uses in realistic portrats ,powerfully evocative sculpture ,and other representative and abstract work.The artists use a wide variety of techniques,including embroidery,gluing,and hand and

由一个非凡的艺术家用手工做成把很普通的玻璃珠子也能变成一个强有力的表达媒介，你能把掌握手工的证据，当你翻开这本书的这些页码的时候，你能够经历一次令人目眩的具有创造性的画廊的洗礼，那能够使你的珠子工艺提高高一个新的水平，你将看到这个令人惊异的手镯，鞋子，包包----并且你也能看到远远超过具有现实主义特色的传统应用，非常具有创造力的雕刻，和其他的具有代表性的和深奥的工艺。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Taking Gissing's masterpiece New Grub Street as an example, this thesis, based on Gissing's writing techniques, is meant to analyze his succession of realist style and his combination of naturalism in the novel and discuss how he makes a great breakthrough of the two writing styles, thus revealing that his ideas have transcended the time.

本文从乔治·吉辛的代表作《新格拉布街》着手，以其小说的创作手法为线索，分析这部作品对19世纪现实主义之风的继承及其与自然主义艺术特征的融合，并在此基础上阐明他思想上的超时代性。

The English School's core concept is international society. There are three important factors which each of them has the different effect in the theory of international society: realism, rationalism and revolutionism. These three factors have great functions in analyze the new interventionism, especially the argument between pluralism and solidarism make the tensional relations between order and justice, sovereignty and human right are more clearly.

英国学派的核心概念是国际社会，其中的现实主义、理性主义和革命主义因素在国际社会理论中占有不同的地位，对我们分析新干涉主义有重要的指导作用，特别是革命主义因素中的多元主义与社会连带主义之争使我们更容易理清新干涉主义中秩序与正义、人权与主权以及人道主义干涉之间的紧张关系。

Since the new century, many masterpieces on understratum narration reach considerable height and depth, we can find from them the new potentiality and wider space of humanitarianism and great vigor of realism in understratum narration.

新世纪以来，许多底层叙述的优秀作品让我们看到了底层叙述可以抵达的高度与深度，看到了人道主义在当代语境中进行底层叙述的新的发展可能和越来越宽广的空间，同时也看到了现实主义底层叙述的巨大力量。

The deep going change of historical and cultural environment in the nineties has led to the disparity about writing pattern of life consciousness and the transformation of theme state, so has brought about the transformation of humanity writing. The new historism novels have begun writing many kinds of life form in made-up historical space, and have deducted complicated humanity sceneries, which include violence, evil, misery, degradation, etc; The private novels have paid attention to experience of female life itself, and has displayed particular life pattern of women; The new state novels have manifested revelry and anxiety of the 搉ew? human beings in metropolis, displaying objectified existing state; Novels in the realism shock have regarded heroes as ordinary people, revealing awkward life state.

九十车代历史文化语境的深刻变化导致了生命意识书写方式的差异和主题形态的嬗变，从而带来了人性书写的改观：新历史主义小说在虚构的历史空间中展开对多样生命形式的书写，演绎出暴力、罪恶、苦难、沉沦相交织的人性景观；私小说则关注女性生命本体的体验，展现了女性特有生命姿态；新状态小说注重表现都市新人类的生命狂欢与焦灼，展示了物化的生存状态；现实主义冲击波小说则完成了改革英雄到普通人的转换，揭示了尴尬的生命形态。

What we want to say is that realism must think over the demand of the new age, meet the demand of the change of life and the new aesthetics interest and the new aesthetic ideal of the people. We should sublate the tradition on the basis of inheriting and seek for a development, change and reform of realism.

但是，我们又要明确地说：现实主义要思考新的时代的要求和生活变迁的需要，以及群众新的审美情趣、新的审美理想，在继承的基础上，对&传统&要扬弃，而且必须要求自身去发展、变化、创新。

As part of it, Hubei oil painters, in the past two decades, had undergone an experimental process in their exploration from "new generation","short-distance","neo-objective","cynical realism","unfamiliarized schema" before they turned to approach to art itself.

艺术世界如同凤凰涅槃，迸发出了更为鲜活和旺盛的生气，开辟了更为广阔的新天地。20年中，湖北油画家表现出楚人特有的执着与自信，他们一步一个脚印的走过了当代油画&新生代&、&近距离&、&新客观&、&玩世现实主义&、&生疏化图式&等实验性探索历程，进而开始转向了对艺术本身的追问。

Based on the criticism of the western "economic man "theory from the two perspectives of economics and philosophy, the paper builds a new economic man hypothesis and theory, whose methodology is wholism, materialism and realism.Then, it puts forward the "new hypothesis of living labour value", which means that various productive living labour creates the value of commodities.

本文首先在从经济学和哲学两个视角批评西方经济人理论的基础上，确立了一种新经济人假说和理论，其方法论是整体主义、唯物主义和现实主义的；然后，提出各种生产性活劳动创造商品价值的&活劳动价值新假说&，并论证与此有关的&全要素财富说&和&按贡分配形质说&。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。