新现实主义

This paper is trying to make a comprehensive and systematic study on the following subjects: the development history of Latin-American Magic-Realism and its acceptance in China; the relationship of Latin-American Magic-Realism and Chinese literature in the new period.

本文试图在这一影响取得时间距离后，重新在新时期中国文学发展的历史潮流中，以拉美魔幻现实主义为参照系，对拉美魔幻现实主义的发展，在中国的接受情况及与新时期中国文学的关系作一个全面的梳理。

Although Eliot's idealistic impulse has been noted before, how it can be reconciled with her avowed realist aesthetics and how shall one view it within the mid-Victorian artistic atmosphere is a new question.

虽然有关艾略特理想化倾向的说法早已有之，如何解释这种倾向与其现实主义承诺的关系、与维多利亚时期的现实主义与理想主义之争的关系却是一个新课题。

Based upon such an expected aim, this thesis, using the form of commentary history of literature, has rather deeply discussed in the 20th century China's realism literature initiating problems situations, its beginning motives and actual development orientation, the problem of multiplication and univalence as one of the inner forming elements, the relationship between literature types and social cognition, problems concerning realism literature and modern China's internal anxiety, by focusing on problems such as"from Liang Qichao to Hu Shi,""Young Mao Dun's Upholding in Literature","Around Modern ","Lu Xun and the New Paradigms in Chinese Literature","Lao She's Style and His Concept about China", and"Hu Feng and Modern China's Subjective Anxiety", etc.

基于此一预期目的，本论文采用史论形式，以问题为中心选择了"从梁启超到胡适"、"青年茅盾的文学主张"、"在《现代》周围"、"鲁迅与中国文学的新范式"、"老舍的文体和他的中国观"及"胡风与现代中国的主体焦虑"等专题，较为深入地探讨了现实主义文学在20世纪中国兴起的问题情境、它的初始动机和实际发展路向、作为其内在构成要素之一的多样性与单一化问题、文学型式与社会认知之间的关系、现实主义文学与现代中国的内在焦虑等问题。

If this paper has some innovation it should be owed to my teacher, Professor Kong Fanjin, just with his macro-view of the 20〓 century literature I tried to renewably sort out the momentous phenomenon of "The Conversion from literay revolution to Revolutionary Literature" and clarify its internal logic.

可以说，恩格斯所要求的现实主义文学，在我国是到了30年代这一批左翼青年作家手里才得以比较广泛地实现，他们的涌现标志着新文学现实主义真正结束了&革命文学&的时代并迈入一个新的阶段，而新文学的现实主义潮流也正因为有了这样一支新生力量，才能够以浩大声势继续向前发展。

Except for the development and the inheritance to the realism theory, the theoretical value of offensive realism embody in dovetailing with the national strategy of Bush-administration from following three aspects: new safety view , military strategy and single side principle.

进攻性现实主义的理论价值除了体现在以上对现实主义理论的继承与发展上，同时也表现为这一理论在新安全观、军事战略和单边主义等方面与布什政府国家战略的吻合。

This dissertation has 7 chapters. Chapter One introduces the tradition of historical narration in Chinese literature, discusses the relationship between fiction and historical narration, and the historical view of humanism in traditional novels. Chapter Two analyzes the historical view in contemporary red narrative, the origin of red historical compilation, hypo-realism in red novels of officers, and the features of taking personal narrative as revolutionary narrative etc. the song of youth is taken as an example to illustrate the secret of changing little burgesses narrative into revolutionary narrative. Chapter Three focuses on re-emergence and changes of enlightenment historical narrative and the historical sense of enlightenment. Tibet, implied times and the family of red corn are taken as examples to illustrate the features of changing from enlightenment historicism to new historicism. Chapter Four examines the phenomena and characteristics of new historicism narrative. The following chapter concerns the historical narrative by Yu Hua and Mo Yan, and historical sense of quasi-new historicism in Wang Anyi's Changhenge.

正文共分七章，第一章是对&中国文学中的历史叙事传统&的追溯：探讨了中国文学中&小说&这一文类与&历史叙事&之间的渊源关系，传统小说中的人本主义与生命本体论的历史观、其悲剧本质的历史诗学与美学理念、其循环论与非主流的历史伦理：第二章是对&当代红色叙事中的历史观&的分析：探讨了其&红色历史编纂学&的由来，红色官史小说中的&伪现实主义&、&把个人叙事装饰为革命叙事&的特点、其&革命&外表下装裹着的&旧式&的叙事模型等等，还以《青春之歌》为例分析了由小布尔乔亚叙事改装为革命叙事的奥秘：第三章是对&启蒙历史叙事的重现与转型&的梳理：分析了寻根文学中所包含的启蒙历史主义意识一一从最早的民俗学趣味、到寻根诗歌中&文化民族主义&的突然高涨、还有寻根小说中所包含的各种新型的历史思想，还以稍后的扎西达娃的《西藏，隐秘岁月》和莫言的《红高粱家族》为例，探讨了其由启蒙历史主义向新历史主义过渡的特点：第四章是对&新历史主义叙事的现象与特征&的分析，先是梳理了新历史主义文学思潮从八十年代后期到九十年代末期所出现的大量现象和演变的轨迹，而后分析了各种类型的新历史主义叙事的特征，其基本尺度、还有&新&与&旧&的关系等等；此后第五、六、七章分别就余华和莫言的历史叙事、还有王安忆的《长恨歌》中的类似新历史主义的历史意识进行了分析。

Realism in China is by no means a new art practice, in the early Twentieth Century there was proletariat literature, revolutionary woodcuts, leftist cinema and Realist cartoons.

现实主义在中国并不是一个新的艺术实践，在二十世纪早期就有过无产阶级文学、国统区木刻、左翼电影和现实主义漫画。

The purposes of this article are to find out the focuses of those issues and their strategic implications based on the historical background and facts of the "Maritime Territory" contention in Northeast Asia; to review strategic interests of each actor in the region in terms of "balance of power,""interests," and "security" from a Neorealist perspective; to study the "Maritime Territory" contention's impacts on Northeast Asia security; and to predict the follow-on development and trend as well as to propose recommendations to Taiwan government as a reference for policy-making and future studies.

本文试图从东北亚地区「蓝色国土」争夺的历史背景与所发生的事实，找出争端问题的焦点与背后的战略意涵，并以新现实主义的观点「权力平衡」、「利益」、「安全」来检视地区各行为体的战略利益，探究「蓝色国土」争夺对东北亚区域安全的影响，进而预测其后续的发展与走向，并提出台湾应有之作为与建议，以提供政府制订政策及后续研究之参据。

The spatial narrative structures in Calvino's fictions can be divided into three types :"the building of two worlds "is the main way in the earlier writing phase of Neorealist and Fairy tale .Dimidiation and mergence is the art feature .It signs that the sense of the world and the creative ideas of the writer start to form;"Synchrony and Juxtaposition "and "Crystal pattern "are the prominent characteristics during his Postmodernism writings phase. The writer takes the complex and diverse form of space art, such as segments、juxtaposition、defamiliarization、crystal's combination and derivatives, ect. to represent the essence of the world, and to exprsee the writer's confusion and efforts to understand and build a sense of it.

卡尔维诺小说的空间叙事结构具有阶段性，可以分为三种不同的类型：&两个世界的构建&是早期新现实主义和童话寓言创作阶段的主要方法，二分和弥合是其艺术特点，标志作家世界感和创作观念开始形成；&共时并置&和&晶体模式&则是后现代主义小说创作时期的突出特征，作家以片断、并置、陌生化、晶体组合衍生等复杂多样的空间化艺术形式来表现世界的本质以及自身理解世界、构建意义的困惑和努力。

The dissertation analyzes three key words which dominate Williams's novel studies: the concept of the novel, the knowable community and a new realism, and it comparatively studies Williams's English Novel from Dickens to Lawrence (1970) with Leavis's The Great Tradition (1948) and Eagleton's The English Novel (2005), which prove that his novel studies is also culturalist.

本文从分析他的小说研究的三个关键词(小说的概念、可知群体和新现实主义)和对比(来源：d888A88BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)威廉斯与利维斯和伊格尔顿三者小说研究的异与同，加以论证。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。