新月

Analyzing the clinical and pathological information of 32 patients who were diagnosed by renal biopsy as idiopathic IgA nephropathy with crescentic formation and/or capillary tuft necrosis,and compare with those idiopathic IgA nephropathy which have no crescents and necrosis.

对32例肾活检证实原发性IgA肾病伴有新月体形成和/或血管袢坏死者的临床及病理资料进行分析，并与无此类病变的IgA肾病患者进行对比。

Methods Accelerated rat crescentic nephritis were induced by rabbit anti-rat GBM nephrotoxic serum.

目的 探讨CD44及其配体骨调素在实验性新月体肾炎发展过程中的表达和作用。

Results Two males and one female aged 28 ～ 67 years suffered primary glomerulonephritis crescentic glomerulonephritis caused by microscopic polyangiitis, or lupus nephritis respectively.

结果 3例患者年龄为28～67岁，男性2例，女性1例。1例为原发性肾小球肾炎、1例为狼疮性肾炎、1例为显微镜下多血管炎致新月体肾炎。

The renal specimen biopsy demonstrated focal necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis.

肾活检可见小血管壁节段性纤维素样坏死，新月体多见。

A novel class of autoantigens of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis: the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein h-lamp-2 in neutrophil granulocytes and a related membrane protein in glomerular endothelial cells.

PMID 7836914一种新型的类自身的抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体和细胞坏死性新月体肾炎：在溶酶体膜糖蛋白氢灯- 2的中性粒细胞和相关的膜蛋白在肾小球内皮细胞。

The type of cell death caused by ricin was related to the ricin concentration and time of incubation with HeLa cells. The typical apoptosis was induced by ricin 0.05μmol〓. The apoptotic cells mainly showed cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic membrane blebbing, the chromatin condensation and fragmentation, crescentic nuclear and membrane bound apoptotic bodies formation.

细胞死亡方式也与蓖麻毒素作用时间和浓度相关，0.05μmol.L〓的蓖麻毒素可引起HeLa细胞发生典型的细胞凋亡，主要特征是细胞体积缩小，胞浆起泡，细胞核染色质浓缩、凝集，新月状核和膜包裹核染色质的凋亡小体形成。

Renal pathology showed crescentic glomerulonephritis,direct immunofluorescence demonstrated fine granular localization of IgG and C3 along GBM.

所检病例肾脏病理多为新月体肾炎，免疫荧光检查多为IgG、C3呈细颗粒样分布于GBM。

As with rhIL-1β, rhTNFα(100ng/ ml) can also provoked ICAM-1 surface expression by HMC. We also found VCAM-1 mRNA expression by HMC in normal culture condition and exposure of mesangial cells to rhTNFαis associated with increased VCAM-1 mRNA lavels rapidly (4 hours).These exploration indicate (1) glomerular and tubular ICAM-1 expression level correlate with inflammatory degree of glomerulus and TNF-αexpression level (2) VCAM-1 may have certain role in patients of lupus nephritis and crescentic nephritis (3) Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 may be regulated in vivo by cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β).

与轻度系膜增生性肾炎病人血清中的VCAM-1水平比较狼疮肾炎病人血清中VCAM-1的水平显著增加；（3）rhIL-1β（25ng/ml）不但能增加ICAM-1 mRNA的表达，还增加ICAM-1蛋白的表达；rhTNFα（100ng／ml）对ICAM-1蛋白表达和VCAM-1 mRNA基因表达均有明显的上调作用，结果提示：肾小球和肾小管ICAM-1表达水平与肾小球炎症病变程度有关；VCAM-1在狼疮肾炎和新月体肾炎的发生发展中可能有重要作用；体内ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达可能受TNFα和IL-1β的调节。

Bud scales not thornlike; seeds crescentiform or curved-semiorbicular

芽鳞而不是刺状；半圆形弄弯的种子新月形或 9

The various colours significant of various degrees of vitality (white, yellow, crimson, vermilion, cinnabar): their degrees of brilliancy: their magnitudes revealed up to and including the 7th: their positions: the waggoner's star: Walsingham way: the chariot of David: the annular cinctures of Saturn: the condensation of spiral nebulae into suns: the interdependent gyrations of double suns: the independent synchronous discoveries of Galileo, Simon Marius, Piazzi, Le Verrier, Herschel, Galle: the systematisations attempted by Bode and Kepler of cubes of distances and squares of times of revolution: the almost infinite compressibility of hirsute comets and their vast elliptical egressive and reentrant orbits from perihelion to aphelion: the sidereal origin of meteoric stones: the Libyan floods on Mars about the period of the birth of the younger astroscopist: the annual recurrence of meteoric showers about the period of the feast of S.

357显示出不同程度之生命力的缤纷色彩（白、浅黄、深红、朱红、银朱）；诸星之亮度；一直包括到七等星、以等级标志的诸星之大小；诸星的位置；御夫座；沃尔辛厄姆路；大卫的战车；土星光环；螺旋星云凝固后形成有卫星的恒星群；两重大阳相互依存的旋转运动；伽利略、西蒙。马里乌斯、皮亚齐、勒威耶、赫歇耳、加勒等人各自独立地同时所做的发现；波得和开普勒所尝试的距离的立方与回转次数的平方的体系化；多毛的众彗星那几殆无限的被压缩性，以及自近日点至远日点那广漠的远心的重返大气层的椭圆轨道；陨石的恒星之起源；年纪较轻的天体观测者诞生的那个时期火星上所出现的&暗波&现象；每年在圣劳伦斯节前后降落的陨石雨；每月都发生的所谓&新月抱旧月&现象；关于天体对人体的影响的假定；威廉。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。