新时代

At last, the dissertation points out that the history of educology could be divided into three historical eras: myth—customary, philosophical and scientific. The new and forthcoming one will be the era of culture. In order to start the new era, educologists of the 21st century should grasp the quintessence of educology tightly, accomplish a"cultural turn"and get rid of the ties of "experientialism","disciplinarity","scientism", and"westerncentrism".

本文最后认为，人类教育学史先后经历了"神话与习俗的时代"、"哲学的时代"与"科学的时代"。21世纪的教育学者应紧紧把握教育学的精髓，转变研究的路向，由"科学的时代"进入到"文化的时代"，摆脱"经验主义"、"学科主义"、"科学主义"与"西方中心主义"的束缚，获得新的生命力。

The study on this area may provide good information about the late evolutionary history and closing age of the Tibet-Tethys remnant sea. In this work, a great number of microfossils have been found and identified. Study on the microfossils (especially planktonic foraminifera) indicates:(1) the youngest marine bed in Tibet is represented by the top of the Sandstone-shale Member of the Zhepure Formation that occurs in the Zongpuxi Section of the Gamba area, and is of the early Late Eocene age. The age stands for the final closing of the Tibet-Tethys;(2) The age of the youngest marine bed in Gamba is correlative with, or more or less younger than that of the Tingri region. Both are referred to early Priabonian.

对岗巴－定日地区内始新世地层剖面作了极为详细的研究工作，发现并鉴定了数量较为丰富的微体化石，在此基础上对西藏特提斯晚期沉积环境的演变进行了较为详细的分析，认为岗巴地区遮普惹组砂页岩段的时代与定日遮普惹组砂页岩段的时代相同或略晚于后者，两者基本上属同期异相沉积，含相同的浮游有孔虫Morozovella spinulosa-Acarinina bullbrooki组合；藏南最高海相层－遮普惹组砂页岩段顶部的时代应为晚始新世Priabonian早期，它代表着西藏－特提斯海在藏南最终消亡的时间。

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从"五四"到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族"血性"的传承方面。

Historically speaking, modern philosophy is coming from ancient Greek culture; European revival of learning accelerates its development and produces some philosophical opinions with deep influence, especially when dialectic is presented out by Mr. Hegel, a new era that developing towards real entity Begins;every School pushes philosophy developing with the position of selfhood and nonscientific one.

从历史上看，现代哲学主要是从古代希腊文明发展而来的；欧洲的文艺复兴加速了它的发展，产生了一些具有深远影响的哲学观点，特别是当辩证法被黑格尔先生提示以来，一个哲学向实体化发展的新时代开始了；各个学派都以自我的立场，而非科学的立场，来推动哲学的发展。

Out of this crisis will come the opportunity for the New Age Kingdom to be realized.

摆脱这一危机的机会，来为新时代王国得以实现。

How to find harmony in a new age between man and nature?

今天我们聚在一起讨论一个热门的话题：如何在新时代找到人与自然的和谐？

Today,we are gathering here to discuss a very hot issue. how to find harmony in a new age between man and nature?

今天我们聚在一起讨论一个热门的话题：如何在新时代找到人与自然的和谐？

Topic of for the prepared speech is "People and Nature: In Search of Harmony in a New Age - Your Personal Perspective."

命题讲演的题目是&人与自然：寻求一个和谐的新时代－你的个人见解。&

Today,we are gathering hereto discuss a very hot issue. how to find harmony in a new age between man andnature?

今天我们聚在一起讨论一个热门的话题：如何在新时代找到人与自然的和谐？

Beethoven was the link with a nev period.

贝多芬是乐坛向一个新时代过渡的桥梁。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。