新小说

William Faulkner made great contribution to the development of modern novels by constantly experimenting with various kinds of forms and techniques in novels and daringly broadening the scope of representation of modern life.

美国作家福克纳一生都在不断地对小说的形式和技巧进行创新和改革，一往无前地拓展小说表现的新领域，对现代小说的发展做出了突出的贡献和创造。

Besides, the late Qing denunciatory novels, either by design or accident, adopted some narrative techniques under the influence of Western fiction and explored the new form of representation. In consequence, they bore heavily on formation and evolution of modern Chinese fiction.

同时受西方小说的影响，中国晚清谴责小说有意无意地借用其叙事技巧，寻求新的表现形式，从而对中国现代小说的形成和发展产生了深远的影响。

For example, the analysis of Young Goodman Brown in the Understanding Fiction, we can discover that Brooks and Warren do not treat this novel as an example of Puritanism or Anti-Puritanism, their target is not to analyses the doxy of the Puritanism.

以"新批评"的中坚人物布鲁克斯和华伦共同编著的《小说鉴赏》中对霍桑的《年轻的布朗大爷》的分析为例，我们不难发现，布鲁克斯和华伦并不是把这篇小说作为清教文化或反清教文化的一个例证，借这篇小说去分析清教教义。

Since the novelette There appears unique with the fresh sensitivity of its attitude towards the working class,this paper attempts to analyze its three features: class nature ,solemnity and obscurity.

那儿》这篇小说以其对工人阶级立场的新的敏感性在当前小说创作中显得非常特别，论文即以此为中心力图分析这篇小说的三个特点：阶级性、严肃性和模糊性。

His novels indicated the modern narrative tactics: He interpreted the human cultural scenes of Taiwan, unconscious of having used the New Historicism. His novels showed the compound of the Naturalism of France, the Naturalism of Japan and the Japanese Private Fictions. There was an atmosphere of the Mysticism originated in primitive religions. There were shadows of the Japanese New Sensualism psychoanalysis.

其小说创作显示了现代性叙事策略：他不自觉的运用新历史主义的视角对台湾人文景观进行解读；他的小说体现了法国、日本的自然主义与日本私小说的交融；其作品里有着原始宗教的神秘主义气氛；文本中有着日本新感觉派心理分析的影子。

First, they focus on the plain life of common people; second, they aim at reflecting the feelings and lives of some "small figures"---the humble people living in the understratum of the society, true, unvarnished, though not elegant and lofty.

在他们身上，几乎没有缺点。"新写实小说"则不然，首先在题材上，关注人们的日常生活，琐碎、平凡，带有"原生态"的特色。底层百姓的饮食起居、喜怒哀乐，都成为描写对象，它消解了崇高意义，使文学从天上走向人间。在人物塑造上，"新写实小说"重在刻画"小人物"，甚至是卑微低贱的底层人物，写他们的感情，不论是否高尚，但却是最真实、最质朴的人生体验。

There is one kind of bepuzzlement after the impact and which envoke arouse our reflections of the neorealistic novel.

新现实主义小说的创生不是空穴来风，是中国社会转型期、变革期、阵痛期社会生活的折光映照，是新时期以后小说园地一种自然升华。

This thesis highlights the new type of writing, which is named as "New Historical Novels" or "New Historism Novels" by the academic scholars.

本文重点讨论的即是80年代中末期以来的被学界称为&新历史小说&或&新历史主义小说&的这一文学现象和文学叙事。

One of them appeared in 1950s'—1970s' when novels were written in a deified and heroized style,and the other appeared in New Period when novels were narrated in secularized style.

一种是十七年时期的革命历史小说，一种是新时期的新历史小说，前者是一种将革命历史神化、英雄化的叙述，后者则是将革命历史世俗化、凡人化的叙述。

Part two: Main body, expounds the development of the new period fiction"s introduction from, reference to and fusion with western modernistic fiction, of the breakthrough of the original aesthetic norms and of conducting the "modernity" of the new research of fictional style. The development is as follows: beginning from exploring the artistic forms and skills, it self-examines the history, searches for the meaning of life, and calls for the realization of certain "personality", i.e. spiritual freedom; then, adopts the spirits of modernistic literature, searches for and sublates our national traditional culture; cares for the modern people"s specific mental states and makes inquiries for the meaning of life; then, revolutionizes the textual narration, reveals the doubt about the man"s subject exposed in the theme of works, describes directly the problems of the man"s subject itself, inquires the reality and possibility of the subject"s being, and uncovers the complexity of the modernistic central proposition: man"s anxiety and his essence.

本论部分，论述新时期中国文坛对西方现代主义借鉴、吸纳、融合，突破原有的审美规范，进行小说文体新实验的发展历程——即从艺术形式、艺术技巧的探索开始起步，反思历史、探索&人&的意义；在对民族传统文化的寻找与扬弃中，重建民族的&文化&主体，以走向现代世界；关注现代人的精神状况，揭示社会的贫乏、专横、庸俗、虚伪和窒息的一面，寻求生命的意义与价值；通过文本的叙述革命，揭示作品对人这一主体的怀疑，在小说中直接描写&人&本身所存在的问题，以及人自身本质的复杂性；对城市化、世俗化生活的窥望与期冀，对其作品中多元化的欲望进行透视，揭示当今社会中人的现代主义的虚无与后现代式的焦虑，指出其书写的局限与精神提升；论析女性作家&个人化&躯体写作的意义、特色以及女性作家个人化写作的精神困境。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。