新兴城市

But in the city of China, the consciousness of citizen class has never developed.

而他强调欧洲中世纪的城市已存在一批新兴的「市民阶级」，可是中国城市中的市民阶级意识从未发展出来。

Global-city urbanism may differ from city to city. Regardless of diverse historical and geographical contexts, they share the same characteristics, that is, nation, market and transactional elites complot the shaping of urbanism.

尽管在不同的历史地理脉络下，不同全球城市都市论内涵会有所差异，但国家、市场与跨国菁英三者共谋掌握都市特质呈现的事实，却是新兴全球城市中共同的特徵。

The urban lighting makes people's activity time be delayed until the night,and illuminate the urban environment consciously through the esthesia ofpeople's vision, thus forms a new developing art that is called "DesignBrightness".

城市照明使得人们的活动时间得以延迟到夜间，并且通过人们视觉的感知将城市环境有意识的照亮，从而形成了一门新兴的"设计光亮"的艺术。

Much public large-scale architecture in Napoleon Era represents the demands of bourgeoisie who emerged as European Industrial Revolution comes forth. In the past hundreds of years, artisan and handicraftsman follow strictly the scale, size, and fussy baroque decoration details that could not meet demands of urban population and new commercial forms. Therewith, Frenchmen started to build Paris stock exchange in 1808 and completed in 1827. With applied and simple architecture form, the apartments were multi-storey aiming at providing enough space for population; the ground floor was store and residence for upper floors. The exterior was capacious footpath and landscaping. The typical is reform of start which is rudiment of modern city.

拿破仑时期兴建的一系列大型公共建筑，代表了由于欧洲的工业革命所诞生的新兴阶层――资产阶级的使用要求，在此之前的几百年中，手工匠和艺人对古典主义中的比例、尺度，繁琐的巴洛克式装饰细节，敬若神明，一贯照袭，因噎废食，必然不能符合日益膨胀的城市人口及新兴商业形式的使用需求，于是法国人在1808年开始修建巴黎证券交易所，到1827年完工，采取了实用的、简单朴素的建筑装饰形态；以及为解决人口问题而兴建的大量多层住宅公寓，其底层为商店，上部为住宅，外围是宽敞的人行道并种有绿化，典型的功能为出发点的变革，其实是现代城市的雏形。

Through detailed examples, the thesis analyzed and studied the current development situation and rectifying and improving program of lake landscape of our country. It summarized experience and existing problem in the development of lake landscape in China. It also put forward three aspects of protection of urban lakes.

通过具体实例，分析研究我国湖泊景观的发展现状，城市湖泊景观的整改、再开发及新兴湖泊景观建设等问题；总结现阶段我国湖泊景观开发的经验及所存在的问题，提出城市湖泊三个层面的保护。

With the diminishing marginal utility, the point of tangency may run to the area far to the central city. Through the statistics and analysis, we find out that there are several characteristics in the central city tourism market:(1) The city tourists tour at weekends and gold weeks, and they want to buy such tourism products as """" safe, convenience, short range and cheap"""".(2) They tour by car or by themselves not go with tour team,(3) and stay out for zero to two nights.(4) There have more female than male tourists.(5) They like to select scene or leisure spots, but holiday tourism becomes more and more ppopular.(6)The segment markets of silver hairs, teachers and students have great perchasing power.

本文重点对中心城市居民出游市场进行了统计分析，通过分析发现中心城市出游市场总体表现出以下特点：(1)城市居民外出旅游时间除黄金周以外，主要集中在周末，其时间约束型的旅游产品需求以"安、近、短、廉"为特征的旅游产品为主；(2)出游方式以自驾车和自主安排为主，团队游客的比例在逐步下降；(3)出游逗留时间以在外逗留0—2夜为主；(4)城市居民出游人群中女性比例高于男性；(5)出游目的以近距离观光、休闲为主，但度假市场正在蓬勃发展，现在中心城市周边新兴的"农家乐"就是度假旅游的雏形和低级形式；(6)中心城市银发市场和教师、学生市场是两个原来被忽视却孕育着巨大潜力的细分市场。

The results of this research are useful for both urban renewal and the theory of social exclusion and policy study.

本研究利用目前社会政策学科中新兴的社会排斥理论对当代中国城市更新实践与政策进行了细致地分析和梳理，其成果不仅对指导城市更新具有重要的实践意义，也能丰富社会排斥理论和相关的政策理论。

The research suggests that the company should make facetious innovation the core of strategy, and the rural high-temperature clysis market and the urban low-temperature product market the emphasis to carry out the tactic of selected, special market based on diversification In addition, the company should adjust the product structure to establish combination of innovative, special and diverse products; On the other hand, the company should reconstruct the marketing channels, introduce urban direct distributors and on-line direct distributors, and establish cooperative relation with large-scale newborn retailing organizations to improve its exploiting capability.

本文认为，春都食品股份有限公司应以全面创新为战略核心，以农村高温灌肠市场和大城市低温产品市场为重点，实施以差异化为基础的、有选择的专一化市场策略；调整产品结构，形成正面以特色化产品佯攻，侧面以差异化产品迂回，背后以创新性、专有性产品包抄的产品组合；重组营销渠道，积极引入城市直销商和网络直销商，与新兴大型零售组织建立合作关系，进一步提升春都公司市场拓展能力；加大组织创新力度，建立事业部制的营销组织，充分发挥企业战略结构单元的活力；有重点的调整营销政策，以改善春都公司营销激励的效果。

From meditating the design status of our country'S large-scale square and neatening,analyzing and summarizing large amount of examples and investigated data,this paper introspects on urban squares in contemporary China mainly from three aspects.Firstly,it analyses the develop process and the present state;secondlv.it pays attention to the questions of urban squares as public space;thirdly,it gives a preliminary discussion on its premise and trends in the future.

本文即从反思我国当代城市广场的设计现状出发，通过对大量实例、调研资料的整理、剖析与理论总结，从三个方面对我国当代城市广场建设进行了深入思考：一是分析当代城市广场发展脉络及当下状况；二是在这样的脉络下探讨近年来中国这些新兴的广场作为公共空间所呈现出的问题；三是试图提出突破困境的可能，进一步探讨未来城市广场的发展前提与趋势。

Peninsula campus is located within the area of Frankston (42 Kilometers South of Melbourne), a vibrant and exciting city on Port Phillip Bay, with golden beaches along 10km of beautiful coastline and a large regional shopping and service centre.

Peninsula校园位于距离墨尔本以南42 公里的Frankston区域，是Phillip港口一个新兴城市，有沿着十公里海岸线的黄金海滩和巨大的区域购物和服务中心。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。