新中国

Systemic study is practiced on system, antilogy, policy and legislation of criminal law.

本文在唯物史观的指导下，主要采用历史述事方法，借助法学和社会学等多种学科的研究方法，以新中国政治变革为主要线索，结合社会变革和刑法自身发展的特殊情况，以新中国刑法史上的重大历史事件为背景，对新中国刑法50多年的曲折发展变化进行了历史的考察，将各个时期的刑法制度、刑法思想、刑事政策与立法、司法实践有机结合起来进行研究，全面反映了新中国刑法发展的轨迹，探讨了刑法发展的规律性，揭示了相关历史事件掩盖或包容的刑法精神、刑法内容和刑法意义，对其中存在的一些问题进行了深刻反思和检讨，总结了经验和教训，对今后刑法建设的发展和推进中国法治的未来具有重大的现实意义。

This paper summarizes the achievement of the geological prospecting tor gold since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, regarding the aspects of the increase of gold reserve and gold production, the breakthrough in types of gold deposits, the results of geological scientific research and the application of new techniques and new methods. Then, forecasting is made for the future 50 years in regard to the demand of gold and gold reserve, the potential of gold resources, the direction for findi...

从中国黄金矿产储量和产量的增长，矿床类型的突破，地质科学研究的成果，新技术和新方法的应用等方面，概括性地总结了新中国成立以来金矿地质勘查工作所取得的成就；对未来50年中国黄金的需求、储量变化、资源潜力和找矿方向，以及社会主义市场经济中金矿地质勘查的管理举措等进行了展望。

To celebrate the 60th anniversary of foundingof new China, the old arts people have pull out all the stopsaround the clock, carefully working towards out, including papercutting, cloth, paste, shadow puppets and Miansu, beans, plastic,color clay, weaving, kites, nearly 300 arts and crafts, held a"celebration of 60 anniversary of New China Pinggu arts and craftsexhibition," China's fine mountains and rivers are depicted incolor mud "Great Wall", paper cutting,"Albert through the agesshow, Shenzhou evergreen", and show the achievements of Pinggu newrural construction,"Village new look", etc.

为庆祝新中国成立60周年，老艺人们纷纷使出浑身解数，夜以继日，精心赶制出包括剪纸、布贴、皮影、面塑、豆塑、彩泥、编织、风筝等近300件手工艺品，举办了"庆祝新中国60华诞平谷民间手工艺展览"，有描绘祖国大好河山的彩泥"长城"，剪纸"伟业千古秀，神州万年青"，以及展现平谷新农村建设成就的"新村新貌"等，表达了平谷人民对伟大祖国的深深热爱之情。

He advocated many important water-conserving guideline s and principles such as being positive and prudent,seeking not only temporary but also permanent cure,making overall plans without any ignorance,promoting what is beneficial and abolishing what is harmful,making plans for both storing and discharging simultaneously,controlling water comprehensively,etc.

毛泽东治国先治水，提出了"水利是农业的命脉"科学论断，确立了新中国水利事业的指导思想，奠定了水利基础产业的地位；他倡导了积极慎重、标本兼治，统筹兼顾、兴利除害、综合治理等治水方针和原则；毛泽东水利建设思想是对中国江河治理规律的正确认识，是新中国水利建设经验的科学总结，对更新治水观念，树立科学发展观，实现人与自然的和谐发展有借鉴意义。

In particular in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of the Chinese nation.

特别是从 1840 年鸦片战争以来的 160 多年间，中国人民为摆脱积贫积弱的境遇，实现民族复兴，前仆后继，顽强斗争，使中华民族的命运发生了深刻变化。95 年前，中国人民通过辛亥革命推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，为中国的进步打开了闸门。57 年前，中国人民经过长期浴血奋斗实现了民族独立和人民解放，建立了人民当家作主的新中国。28 年前，中国人民开始了改革开放和现代化建设的伟大历史进程，经过艰苦创业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就，从 1978 年到 2005 年，中国国内生产总值从 1473 亿美元增长到 22257 亿美元，进出口总额从 206 亿美元增长到 14221 亿美元，国家外汇储备从 1.67 亿美元增加到 8189 亿美元，农村贫困人口由 2.5 亿人减少到 2300 多万人。

Volume 1 introduces the history of accordion , Volume 2 is about the preliminary spread of accordion in China . I dug into great amount of concerning historical data of four aspects, they are the early accordion textbooks, the accordion activities happened in Shanghai, Haerbin and Yanan, which veritably resurges the development of accordion art in China before 1949. Volume 3 reveals the development of Chinese accordion art from after 1949, I focused on five aspects, namely the production, education, performance, theoretical study and communication between China and foreign counties, in time order. This part comprehensively shows the plenty fruits of accordion art in around 50 years after the foundation of China. Volume 4 mainly concerns the development of Chinese accordion music composing. It reviews the history in four periods. Meanwhile, this part also analyses in detail the nationalization pursuit and the utilization of performance skills in composing.

第一章是对&手风琴历史源流&的介绍；第二章是&中国最初的手风琴艺术传播&，本人挖掘出大量的相关史料，从&早期的中国手风琴教科书、上海、哈尔滨和延安的手风琴活动&四个方面进行了研究，真实地再现了1949年以前的中国手风琴艺术发展；第三章是&新中国成立以来的手风琴艺术发展&，分别从&乐器制造、手风琴教育、表演、理论研究与中外交流&五个方面按时间顺序进行了论述，全面反映了手风琴艺术在新中国成立后50余年所取得的丰硕成果；第四章是&中国手风琴音乐创作的发展&，论文将手风琴音乐创作分为四个时期进行了历史的回顾，并对创作中的民族化追求以及手风琴演奏技巧在创作中的运用作了具体分析。

The manifestation of bureaucracy at the beginning of New China is that some carders ignored the state-owned or public property, people's interest and paid no attention to the investigation during their work.

三害现象在新中国之初之所以很严重，主要有两个方面的原因，一是因为中国在20世纪50年代初期正处在新旧社会转型时期，即：中国社会处在结束半殖民地半封建社会，建设新民主主义社会，并最终以确立社会主义社会为基本社会发展取向的时期。

Based on the zigzag development from natural affiliafions tO encumbriance, the display of Islamic factors in China＇s participating in the Middle East affairs offers three attractions: Islamic factors and establishing diplomatic relations between China and the Middle East countries; China＇s participating in the Middle East affairs and the Neo- Pan-Islamism since 1979; Islam fundamentalism movements and China＇s northwest security.

在经历了从中华民国时期的天然联系到新中国早期阻碍延滞的曲折发展之后，从1979年开始，中国参与中东事务时的伊斯兰因素主要表现为三点：伊斯兰因素与中国和中东国家建交；新时期以来中国参与中东事务时的泛伊斯兰因素；伊斯兰原教旨主义运动与中国西北边疆安全。

At noon, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping party secretary TSUI Tak Ming and other Board members and the entire team of Chen Junyong Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping agencies all cadres of workers and pre-entry into the Chinese National Innovation Base Surveying and Mapping Surveying and Mapping Bureau of Management Information Center, National Mapping Agency map Technical Review Center, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Development Research Center of Surveying and Mapping, the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping headquarters service center, as well as the base for all the cadres and workers in new construction units on behalf of Surveying and Mapping innovation base in China to celebrate the completion of China's innovation base mapping stationed celebrate the 60 anniversary of New China , to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.

中午，国家测绘局党组书记、局长徐德明等局班子全体成员及中科院陈俊勇院士，与国家测绘局机关全体干部职工和先期进驻中国测绘创新基地的国家测绘局管理信息中心、国家测绘局地图技术审查中心、国家测绘局测绘发展研究中心、国家测绘局机关服务中心全体干部职工以及基地建设单位代表在新落成的中国测绘创新基地内，欢庆中国测绘创新基地落成进驻，喜迎新中国60华诞，共庆中秋佳节。

China accounting bookkeeping has gone through the initial phase, primitive phase (including single-entry and double-entry orderly in time),recent phase (i.e.phase in which bookkeeping-method of China style was reformed) and modern phase.

840年鸦片战争后新的环境使中国会计记账思想经历了一次磨难，曾一度被人轻视，改良中式簿记法的推行者们使之获得新生，形成了与西式簿记并存的近代阶段；新中国成立后，中国会计记账思想在与借贷记账的冲撞和交流中，逐渐与之接近乃至融合，最终完成了中国会计记账思想向现代化的转化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。