断裂的

The results showed that the fracture toughness of the weld of HFW pipe was lowest.The value of absorbed energy of HFW weld was closely related to the heat treatment process.But the fracture toughness of fusion zone of submerged-arc welded jointer,its microstructure was coarse granular bainite,and was lower than the other locations of heat affected zone;and with the increasing of steel strength,the effect of welding heat cycles on the pipeline steel became stronger,and form coarse microstructure in fusion zone leading to decrease fracture toughness.

结果表明，高钢级管线钢高频焊接焊缝处的断裂韧性最低，其冲击功大小与热处理工艺密切相关；而埋弧焊接热影响区断裂韧性在熔合线处最低，其主要原因是此处的组织为粗大的粒状贝氏体，而且强度越高焊接热循环对管线钢的作用越强，在熔合线附近更容易产生粗大组织，使断裂韧性降低。

The characteristics and influencing factors of various ductile fracture criteria were compressively analyzed. Ductile fracture criteria built on the theoretical basis of Lemaitres continuous medium damage-mechanics was chosen, and materials constants used in the ductile fracture criteria were calculated through the Role of Mixture.

综合分析了各种韧性断裂准则的特点及其影响因素，选择了在连续介质损伤力学Lemaitre的理论基础上建立的韧性断裂准则，应用混合法计算出了韧性断裂准则中的材料常数。

The large banded structures would lead to break during drawing.The intermidiate ones would result in extensible crack but not result in break during drawing.The small ones could exist inside the wire in the form of incontinuous particulates,resulting in a decrease of the p...

粗大的带状组织将直接导致拉丝断裂；稍小一点的带状组织不会引起拉丝断裂，但在钢丝内部存在着明显的非稳态扩展裂纹，是不安全的；细小的带状组织不会引起拉丝断裂，最终将以断续的点状形态存在于成品钢丝中，但对其安全性存在重大隐患。

The large banded structures would lead to break during drawing. The intermidiate ones would result in extensible crack but not result in break during drawing. The small ones could exist inside the wire in the form of incontinuous particulates, resulting in a decrease of the performance of wire.

粗大的带状组织将直接导致拉丝断裂；稍小一点的带状组织不会引起拉丝断裂，但在钢丝内部存在着明显的非稳态扩展裂纹，是不安全的；细小的带状组织不会引起拉丝断裂，最终将以断续的点状形态存在于成品钢丝中，但对其安全性存在重大隐患。

But, the characteristics of its adhered-elastic fracture in high temperature and brittle fracture in low temperature were discovered during impact load test The impact fracture mechanism of the high-energy nitroamine propellant had been put forward by studying the fracture appearances of impact fracture surface, the expansion of secondary crack and the weakness or failing of mechanical structure combined with the analysis of impact fracture properties and dynamic adhered-elastic properties and structures.

通过研究冲击断裂表界面的断口形貌、二次裂纹的发展、材料的力学结构缺陷或弱点，并结合冲击断裂性能、动态粘弹性能及结构分析，提出了硝胺发射药的冲击断裂破坏机理。

It is shown that the stress triaxiliaty T has great effect on the damage evolution. When T goes up, the ductile damage tends to be intensified. When the core is harder than the sleeve, the larger the semicone angle the core fracture is more likely to occur.

断裂预测结果表明，对于芯层金属较硬的双金属的挤压成形，锥形模半模角α越大，芯层金属越容易发生断裂，较大的摩擦因子有助于阻止芯层金属的断裂，这两点结论与Avitzur由上限法所得的结论完全一致。

The results show that after heat treatment, the tensile strength of the alloy increases by 49 MPa, the hardness increases from 21.6 HRC to 25 HRC, and the impact fracture toughness decreases; fracture characteristic is intercrystalline fracture in as-cast, it is intercrystalline and transcrystalline mixed fracture after heat treatment.

结果表明：热处理后合金的抗拉强度σ提高了49MPa，硬度由铸态时的21.6HRC提高到了25 HRC，但合金的冲击韧度出现了较明显的下降；铸态时合金的断裂主要呈沿晶断裂特征，热处理后合金断口里沿晶＋穿晶的混合型断裂特征。

The protection of AF－1 was observed with the measurement of transudatory rate of LDH ,the breaking rate of DNA and contents of LPO and SOD,Results:The intotoxincation of glutamate was decreased by AF－1 which reduced the transudatory rate of LDH,the breaking rate of DNA and the content of LPO,and increased the content of SOD in culture significantly.

通过测定乳酸脱氢酶漏出率、DNA断裂率、超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物，观察AF－1药物的保护作用。结果：高浓度的谷氨酸可增加培养神经细胞的LDH释放率和DNA断裂率，并诱导自由基产生。AF－1明显降低谷氨酸的神经细胞毒性，使LDH释放率及DNA断裂率明显降低，LPO含量明显下降，SOD含量明显升高。

Molybdophopsphoric Acid Catalysis in the Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins by the Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidative cleavage of the double bond could be catalyzed by H_3PMo_(12)O_(40) using H_2O_2 as oxidant, various trisubstituted olefins were oxidized to aldehydes or ketones in high yields. The system was not satisfied for electron-deficient olefins such as trans-(2-nitrovinyl) benzol or chalcone. The reaction of aliphatic olefins did not occur under the same conditions.

二、磷钼酸催化过氧化氢对烯烃的氧化断裂反应用过氧化氢(30％)作为氧化剂，磷钼酸可以催化氧化碳碳双键的断裂反应，三取代的烯烃被氧化生成醛或酮，产率较高；此体系对于缺电子烯烃如查尔酮，不饱和硝基化合物的断裂反应效果较差，脂肪族烯烃在此体系下的氧化并不发生。

The odontoid vertebra space in the model was divided into lattices and the stress area of the odontoid vertebra was identified by force loading and analyses. It was found that the structure of the stress concentration area was closely related to the development of split sections. Therefore,when the odontoid process is attacked by the external force along its vertical plane,its waist is likely to break and type II fracture occurs. And the break also possibly appears in its base,in this way,type HI fracture occurs.

确定其材料性质、单元类型并控制好网格划分精度后，通过力的加载与分析，找出枢椎的结构应力区，根据结构的应力集中区与其断裂时断裂面走向的密切关系，从而判断出当外部载荷沿齿突中性矢状面不同角度作用，即齿突受到来自其矢状面的外部冲击时，容易在齿突腰部发生断裂，形成枢椎齿突Ⅱ型骨折，也可能在基底部发生断裂，形成枢椎齿突Ⅲ型骨折。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。